Working conditions at the workplace. Assessment of working conditions

In each organization, employees work in specific conditions. This is an important factor in the labor process, because it affects the performance of staff. Working conditions at the workplace must comply with the norms of the law, therefore, they are regularly evaluated. Details about this are presented in the article.

The concept

What are working conditions in the workplace? This concept has existed for a long time, since the beginning of the exploitation of people, but only now it is implemented at the legislative level. According to Art. 56 and 57 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, an employment contract is not executed without specifying working conditions. They are recorded together with the rest of the information - name, salary.

In Art. 56 indicates that the employer must provide the statutory working conditions at the workplace. And according to Art. 57 mandatory allocation of characteristics of working conditions in the agreement, harmful factors that may be in the workplace. Separate stipulated compensation and warranties.

Characteristics

Production process - the work of obtaining products from matter or raw materials. All stages of this activity are interconnected. The nature of the process is determined by the type:

1. Used labor.
2. Means of production.
3. Source materials.

Having determined the main means of production, you can set the type of process. Suppose it is known that the main machine is a metallurgical plant. Then it will be clear that there is activity with metal, ore. The workforce will be metallurgists, steelworkers. From this, you can determine the safety requirements and possible types of occupational diseases of employees.

Work environment

This concept is the space where the employee does the work. The environment includes buildings, means of production, vehicles used. This concept includes psychological and environmental conditions. They are the ones that have an impact on staff.

Labor intensity

This concept implies the intensity of the work process. It implies a psychological side. Intensity is related to performance. In an unorganized place, tension is high and productivity is small. This is a negative point. Workers quickly get tired, and the results of activities are not encouraging.

Classification

Working conditions at the workplace are divided by law into 4 classes (Article 14 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation):

1. Optimal. With them, the negative impact on employees is absent or very low.
2. Valid. Probably some negative impact, but within the established standards.
3. Harmful. In this case, there is an excess of the influence of negative factors on the body. Occurrence of occupational diseases is likely.
4. Dangerous. Workers are affected by negative factors of production. There is a great risk of occupational disease.

The definition of the class of working conditions at the workplace is necessary to determine the level of harmfulness of the activity. At each work they are different. It is important to consider them before you get a job. Harmful working conditions during working hours negatively affect well-being, human health. Therefore, at each enterprise it is important that the norms of the organization of the process are respected.

Environmental factors

What should be the working conditions at the workplace in the office, at the factory? When performing professional activities, it is important that employees are comfortable, convenient. Then the results will be high. The work process is influenced by many factors, the main of which are:

1. Lighting: norm 1-2 thousand lumens.
2. Temperature - the more physical activity, the lower the rate in the room. With active work, the optimal level will be 10-16 degrees, and with average - 18-23 degrees.
3. Noise. The norm is 65 decibels and a frequency of 75,000 hertz. Noise will be high if it exceeds 88 decibels.
4. Vibration. Such effects are local and general. Vibration is related to noise.

There are other factors - biological and chemical. An example of a negative characteristic of working conditions is a high concentration of dust, toxic components.

Certification

The employer is responsible for the certification of working conditions. A special institution is participating in this event. A special commission is created, including the employer, labor protection specialist, and trade union members. Certification of jobs by working conditions involves inspecting the organization and collecting information.

During the event, environmental factors are measured - noise, lighting, vibration. Abnormalities are established. If the jobs are similar to each other, then you can check one similar place. Certification of jobs by working conditions is planned and unscheduled.

The planned activity is carried out every 5 years. Certification of workers on working conditions allows you to make work more effective if after the event all the expert's comments are taken into account. An unscheduled check is carried out with various changes in the production process. These include the replacement of equipment, transfer to another technical process. In the event of an accident, an unscheduled check is performed. In conclusion, an assessment of the working conditions of jobs is prescribed.

What is prescribed in the contract?

The organization of working conditions at the workplace is the responsibility of management. The labor agreement must necessarily contain information about which class the work belongs to. For this, a section with the name "Labor Protection" is assigned. It indicates whether the conditions are considered “optimal” or “dangerous”. In the first case, it is indicated that all standards are met, there are no harmful conditions at the workplace.

With Grades 3 and 4, it is recorded that the conditions are harmful to health. The contract indicates the class, subclass, factors that led to the deterioration of the situation. For example, hazardous conditions have arisen due to high noise levels and low temperatures.

Assessment law

The main document for assessing conditions is considered to be Federal Law No. 426. It establishes the essence of the event, the rules for its implementation and application of the results. Evaluation is a procedure, the results of which can affect the organization’s activities in various ways, as well as the development and improvement of personnel policy.

If harmful jobs are found, the company may have obligations, for example:

1. Providing employees with social preferences established by the law of the Russian Federation.
2. Payment of higher contributions to the FIU and the FSS.

The assessment may reveal objective shortcomings in the field of personnel safety, the elimination of which increases productivity and favorably affects the business as a whole. It is only necessary to comply with the instructions of specialists provided as a result of the event.

Assessment stages

Even if the institution is not ready to perform the assessment, this task is solved by law. The stages of the event include:

1. Contacting a specialized company that has permission to carry out such activities.
2. Identification of factors of production by this company. Definition of hazard classes for workplaces.
3. Registration of the audit report.

The list of criteria that firms performing the assessment must meet is established in Ch. 3 Federal Law No. 426. In practice, such an institution is easier to find using the register of organizations accredited by the Ministry of Labor that perform work in the field of labor protection.

Workplace conditions and staff motivation are closely related. If the activities of employees are complex, and besides there are harmful factors, the institution should encourage employees. Typically, staff motivation is material reward. Then the efficiency of the enterprise will be much better.

Compensation

In Art. 224 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation indicates that compensation is required for the additional load received from harmful factors. This may be an additional vacation and allowance for salary. The amount of premiums established by Art. 147 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. Its minimum is 4% of salary.

Worsening conditions

If the employee noticed negative changes, and the employer ignores the comments, you must contact the union to perform a new certification. With further disregard, large fines may be imposed.

If the changes are household, for example, faulty lighting, then you need to inform a specialist on labor safety. In this case, it is important to repair, repair the defect without loss of quality. Removing a deficiency will improve the situation.

Work safety is considered an important part of the work process. It includes many factors, based on which classification is created. The “safest class” is considered the safest, while the “hazardous” class is considered harmful. All this should be spelled out in the contract. Failure to comply with the law leads to accountability of the enterprise management.