Those who first come across such a concept as a plan for analyzing a poem should not panic. This, at first glance, terrible and incomprehensible "beast" has long been invented, composed and structured by smart and caring people. It is enough just to search in the literature - and here it is, a plan for analyzing the poem, and any of them.
To finally clarify everything and not mix anything up, we’ll figure out how it should look.
Any plan for analyzing a work consists of four points. True, the fourth paragraph contains six more sub-items, one of which also consists of several additional points. But you should not be afraid, everything is strictly distributed, therefore it is enough to just follow all the points in order.
The first step is to indicate the author and the name of the poem. Next is the story of the creation of the work: when it was written, for what reason, to whom it was dedicated, etc. If the author belongs to any literary movement (acmeist, futurist, modernist, etc.), then citations should be selected in the text to indicate this. In general, quoting should be used more often, so as not to be unfounded, to prove your point. Having indicated the topic, plot, main idea, we proceed to the next stage - the standard plan for the analysis of the poem. He requires a detailed listing of the means by which artistic means this very basic idea is revealed. We start with the rhythm (iambic, trochee, anapaest, amphibrach, dactyl, dolnik, verliber), then indicate whether there are interruptions in the rhythm, whether they carry additional semantic load. We indicate which rhyme here is cross, paired or ring. List the paths, that is, words and expressions that are used not in the direct but in the figurative meaning (epithet, allegory, hyperbole, litota, personification, metaphor).
Next, find in the poem and list various stylistic figures (refrain, antithesis, gradation, inversion) and poetic phonetics (alliteration, assonance, anaphora, epiphora).
Further, the plan for the analysis of poems requires you to specify which vocabulary the author uses - everyday, literary, journalistic. Does he use archaisms (obsolete words) or neologisms (new words that have appeared recently). Then tell us about the image of the lyrical hero, how he relates to the author, the narration is carried out on behalf of the author himself, from a third person or any fictional character. In addition, indicate whether the author himself plays any role in the work, whether he is real or identifies himself with a fictional hero.
Lastly, the plan of analysis of the poem contains a paragraph in which the literary direction of the work (romanticism, realism, acmeism, futurism, modernism, avant-garde, etc.) should be indicated. Then the genre is indicated - elegy, ode, poem, epigram, ballad, sonnet, romance in poetry, etc.
Here, in fact, the entire standard plan for the analysis of the poem - everything is quite simple. However, if you are faced with literature for the first time, it is better to find such a plan directly with examples and follow them, adjusting to your work.