Safety sign. Signs of labor safety. Safety signs for children

These signs are intended for the visual perception of information, which ensures safety in various fields of human activity.

Interpretation of the concept under consideration

The safety sign is a color image of the corresponding geometric shape, which serves as a warning to people about the immediate (possible) danger. It prohibits, prescribes or permits specific actions, and also acts as a carrier of information about finding objects, means, the use of which excludes, reduces the influence of dangerous, harmful factors.

Types of characters considered

There are four of them:

1. The main ones . They carry an unambiguous semantic expression of the complex requirements for security. These signs are used independently or as part of a group, combined.
2. Additional. They contain an explanatory inscription, and they are always used together with the main ones.
3. Group They contain in one rectangular block 2 or more basic characters along with explanatory inscriptions. These signs are intended to state a number of complex requirements and measures for ensuring safety.
4. Combined . They are rectangular in shape and contain both the main character and the additional one along with an explanatory inscription.

Key safety signs

They are as follows:

• prohibitory (graphic image in black on a white background with a red border);
• fire safety (graphic image of white on a red background with a white border);
• evacuation, medical, sanitary purposes (graphic image of white color on a green background);
• warning (graphic image of black on a yellow background with a black border);
• prescriptive (graphic image of white on a blue background with a white border);
• pointing (graphic image of white on a blue background with a white border).

Signal colors and safety signs

For convenience, the information is presented in tabular form.

The main criterion for choosing a character size

It is the distance. It should be such that the observer can distinguish a safety sign. The value of this criterion, as well as the height of the sign (the font of the explanatory inscription) are intertwined with each other through a certain ratio, depending on the degree of illumination of the sign surface.

The average dimensions of all the main characters in normal lighting

They are presented taking into account the required distance for observation, equal to 20 meters. For convenience, information is grouped in a table.

Material for the manufacture of safety signs

According to Gosstandart, they can be non-luminous, photoluminescent, retroreflective.

• A non-luminous safety sign is used in normal natural (artificial) lighting. Such signs become susceptible to the human eye even in diffused light. In the case of insufficient lighting, they are not used, since at dusk these signs are poorly distinguishable.
• A retroreflective safety sign is generally used in very low light. But at the same time, some source of light should be nearby, through which a retroreflective effect will be formed. In the case when the source and the observer are on the same straight line, the sign glows brighter, however, all surrounding objects look dull.
• Photoluminescent safety signs (GOST) are intended for darkened rooms, as well as for use in situations of emergency blackouts. They are made using a phosphor pigment that absorbs light, capable of independently emitting it in the dark for 8 hours.

It is worth noting that under normal lighting, retroreflective, photoluminescent signs are ordinary non-luminous. The disclosure of their features occurs only under certain conditions. According to GOST 12.1.007-76, photoluminescent materials belong to the 3rd, 4th hazard class, since they do not contain radioactive elements, and they do not harm the health of workers.

Signal Signs

They are in the form of shields, columns of various shapes, colors, containing symbols, inscriptions, used in specific places.

The following signal signs are distinguished:

• Permanent : shields “Explorer”, “Station border”, “Beginning (end) of a dangerous place”, limit posts, sign “C”, signifying the whistle, “Beginning (end) of pushing”, etc.
• In electrified areas (blue square boards with an upward facing angle, containing safety symbols): "Turn off the current" - it is installed with neutral inserts near the sections of the contact network. The driver, passing them, is obliged to disconnect the current. Behind the neutral sign a constant is placed - “Turn on the current on the electric train (electric locomotive)”.
• For the snow blower : “Raise the knife and close the wings”, it is installed for the winter period of time in front of the obstacles encountered on the path that prevent the snow blower from passing. Behind them is placed the sign "Lower the knife and open the wings", which allows the snow blower to work.

Both signal signs and safety signs carry information that allows you to warn a person from danger.

Occupational Safety Considerations Considered

A subspecies of prohibitions is signs to safety rules for labor protection. They marked dangerous devices, places, they indicate the impossibility of using mechanisms, rooms without special protection, equipment. These signs act as a kind of safety memo for employees. If they are absent, a serious fine will immediately follow.

Conventional safety signs are an important design element that is responsible not for profitability, but for human life. In this regard, for the enterprise, store, hairdresser, shopping center in law requires their installation.

Environmental labeling

Paint cans are often marked. Ecological safety signs are used to facilitate the buyer’s search for products that are safe for health, they indicate a minimum level of harm to the environment.

The following criteria for assigning these characters are:

1. The level of product safety for both health and the environment based on the content of volatile carbon (aromatic), organic compounds, titanium dioxide, functional additives.
2. The absence of a number of substances in products, for example, containing cadmium, mercury, lead, arsenic, methyl esters, diethylene glycol, and other hazardous substances.
3. Safety depending on the concentration of hazardous waste, the amount of air emissions during production.

Signs of environmental safety, along with water-dispersion coatings, are also assigned to those products that contain organic solvents.

To date, more than 30 such signs are known, it is worth examining some in more detail:

1. "Blue Angel." It has been used since 1978 in Germany. This sign is the most famous in the world. If the product is labeled with them, then it follows that it meets stringent environmental criteria. It is assigned only to the most harmless materials.
2. The Northern Swan . It acts as an environmental labeling of the Nordic countries. This sign is also one of the most famous in the world. The Northern Swan was introduced by the NCM in 1989. Today, countries such as Finland, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Iceland take part in the certification sphere with the right to own this mark. This marking indicates compliance with strict environmental standards of the manufacturing process, operation.
3. "Ecoflower" is the ecological symbol of Europe. This is a criterion of environmentally friendly materials for the EU countries.
4. "Leaf of life . " This system of voluntary certification (environmental) was introduced by the St. Petersburg Ecological Union (non-profit partnership) in 2001. This eco-label is recognized by the international community, it complies with the principles of such a standard as ISO 14024, as well as international practice of voluntary certification in the field of ecology. In 2007, the aforementioned union was admitted to GEN (Global Eco-Labeling Network).
5. 5. The symbol of the concentration of VOCs in the paintwork. At the moment there is no single symbol, however, most companies use developed by B&Q. Depending on the content of VOCs, LKM is assigned 1 out of 5 of the following labels:
   
   - minimal (up to 0.29%);
   - low (0.30 - 7.99%);
   - average (8 - 24.99%);
   - high (25 - 50%);
   - very high (over 50%).
   
   
6. "Green sign . " He is an eco-label in the United States. This symbol also complies with the principles of ISO 14024. It means the minimum harmful effect on human health, the environment.

SDA for children

To ensure child safety for each child, it is necessary to teach traffic rules and street behavior. This can help the game form of knowledge submission. Today, there are a large number of supporting materials on this topic: children's cartoons, books with funny pictures, board games, nursery rhymes.

Safety signs for children are easier to remember when they are in pictures or described in rhymes. This is a good help for the rapid development of traffic rules. As a result, parents will be calm for the safety of their children.

Conclusion

This article examined signal colors, signal signs and safety signs, and also presents the average sizes of the latter, describes the material of their manufacture and much more.