Marrow trepanobiopsy is one of the methods for obtaining a sample of red bone marrow to determine possible blood diseases.
A few introductory words about the procedure
During this procedure, it is possible to obtain a small amount of red bone marrow for histological studies. Such a fluid can provide extensive information about the ability of the spinal cord to produce blood cells.
This procedure is very similar to a puncture, but its advantage is the ability to obtain wider and more accurate information. Trepanobiopsy of the bone marrow allows you to take not only blood cells, but also stroma.
What is bone marrow?
Red bone marrow is a fairly soft tissue in which blood cells form. These include white blood cells, platelets, and red blood cells. This type of brain is located in the cavity of the bones themselves.
The main component of the bone marrow is the stroma, which is a type of stem cell. They can either be at rest or participate in the formation of new structures.
Please note that in young children, the bone marrow is located in almost all bones and only with age moves to the largest tubular and flat bones. As a result of aging, this organ is filled with a yellow substance that is not involved in the formation of new blood cells.
The main indications for the procedure
Bone marrow trepanobiopsy - the procedure is not the most frequent, but still quite popular. It is carried out in such cases:
- general blood test showed significant changes;
- the patient has a severe form of anemia that is not amenable to the usual methods of treatment;
- an excessively large amount of hemoglobin and red blood cells is noticed in the blood;
- increased or, conversely, low blood levels of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
How to diagnose diseases associated with impaired blood functions
A procedure such as bone marrow trepanobiopsy can be prescribed if the patient has the following symptoms:
- excessive sweating, constant elevated body temperature, a global decrease or increase in weight, frequent lesions of infectious diseases, a significant increase in lymph nodes;
- before chemotherapy, as well as after the end of this procedure;
- a sharp increase or decrease in certain substances in the human body;
- the patient has diseases - histiocytoses;
- the formation of tumors in the bone marrow.
Benefits of the procedure
This technique is very informative, as it is able to read a large amount of information. Before it, it is not necessary to carry out a certain preparation, since it is quite simple to carry out and has practically no restrictions for conducting.
Contraindications
A procedure such as bone marrow trepanobiopsy, reviews of which you can read in this article, is considered absolutely safe, therefore, it does not have strict contraindications for implementation. However, there are some non-stringent restrictions, in the presence of which the procedure should still be abandoned:
- senile age; in this case, trepanobiopsy will not show ideal results, and the patient will experience long moral torment;
- it should be borne in mind that the procedure itself will not affect the treatment, and the quality of life will not improve;
- do not do the procedure if there is inflammation at the injection site;
- with special care should be taken to the presence of diseases such as diabetes mellitus and severe heart failure;
- there is no way to lie on my stomach. For example, with obesity or various diseases of the spine. However, in this case, an injection can be made while sitting, but only a very experienced doctor can do this;
- the patient may refuse to perform the procedure for personal reasons.
Preparation for the procedure
The histological examination “bone marrow trepanobiopsy” nevertheless requires a little preparation for the procedure. To do this, first you need to pass a general blood test and check its coagulability.
Each patient must inform the doctor about an allergy to certain drugs, as well as talk about the presence of diseases known to him. This will help to transfer the procedure of pain relief easier.
Tell us about the presence of osteoporosis, as well as about previous surgical interventions.
In the morning before the procedure, doctors advise eating a small and light breakfast.
How is bone marrow trepanobiopsy performed?
The procedure itself takes no more than half an hour. If an injection is given to a man, then in the presence of a large amount of hair on the indicated area, the skin is shaved. After this, the patient is given painkillers and sedatives. If the patient wishes, an injection can be made under general anesthesia.
The ideal posture for the procedure is lying on your stomach or on your side. But the possibility of doing this while sitting is not excluded. It all depends on the patient himself and on the experience of the doctor.
Now you need to find the optimal puncture site, disinfect the skin and inject an anesthetic. After a few minutes, skin sensitivity is checked. If everything proceeds normally, then with the help of a special needle they penetrate into the ileal cavity with very soft rotational movements.
During this procedure, a small amount of bone marrow is taken (about one to two milliliters). After that, the needle is removed and the punctured place is disinfected.
Bone marrow trepanobiopsy (why do you can read in this article) can be performed not only in the outpatient clinic, but also during hospitalization. An hour later, the patient will be ready to go home. However, doctors strongly do not recommend to drive a car yourself. It’s best to go to the hospital with a relative or friend.
Please note that after this operation, you can not take a bath and wet the punctured place for at least three days. Typically, the results of the procedure can be found in a few hours. But in the event that the material will be examined elsewhere, this period may last up to a month.
Reviews of patients and doctors about the procedure
What bone marrow trepanobiopsy shows can be read in this article. According to patient reviews, this procedure, despite painkillers, is quite painful, but always shows accurate results. Be sure to consider that there is a risk of infection, so unconditionally follow all the doctor's recommendations. This is especially true for children. The procedure is quite safe, but unnecessary preventive measures have not hurt anyone.