Until recently, the means of displaying information were presented in a limited number. New devices have been added to traditional slide projectors, film projectors, computer monitors, televisions.
Classification of information display facilities
Today, plasma panels, multimedia projectors, interactive whiteboards, wall screens and more are widespread. Existing types of displays of information are used in equipping exhibitions, situational centers, conference rooms, stadiums, schools, cinema halls. Currently, all devices are divided into three categories. So, they use modern means of displaying information for individual use. They are designed for one person (for example, a personal computer monitor, telephone screen, instrument panel in a car). Group and collective devices are also distinguished. The first can use up to three, the second - more than 3 people.
Methods for choosing information display facilities
Criteria are used to evaluate devices. These include, in particular:
- Availability.
- Quality.
- Convenience.
- Flexibility.
- Efficiency
- Cost.
- Reliability.
Accessibility should be understood as the ability of a display tool to serve a wide range of entities. Convenience of work characterizes the degree of customer satisfaction in providing the necessary communication tools of sufficient power. The flexibility of the system reflects its ability to adapt to changing parameters during operation to achieve maximum effect. The methodology for choosing the means of displaying information also involves evaluating devices by the number of shades and colors, ergonomic characteristics, compliance with sanitary and hygienic requirements, and so on.
Multimedia projectors
These modern means of displaying information are designed to reproduce data received from a computer, camcorder, VCR, DVD player. Information arrives on the big screen from the connected device. In most cases, multimedia projectors act as a means of displaying personal information. The general principle of operation of such devices resembles a slide and film projector. However, in this case, instead of a film, a liquid crystal transparent panel is installed. Using an electronic digital circuit, a picture is formed on it. Light passes through the panel and lens, and an image enlarged several times appears on the screen. Depending on the design, type and power of the lamp, the quality of the panels, multimedia projectors can form different luminous fluxes. Accordingly, the picture on the screen will have different brightness.
Additional equipment
Many multimedia projectors incorporate sound media for displaying information. Often devices are used for presentations. In these cases, the volume control function of the remote control will be useful. But it should be noted that for high-quality reproduction of the sound track in a large audience, the available capabilities of the projector will not be enough, therefore it is more advisable to use audio systems.
LCD monitors
Liquid crystal widescreen monitors with a diagonal of 105, 65, 46, 42, 32 are used as technical means of displaying information in public places. So, they are installed at airports, train stations, shopping centers and supermarkets, in conference rooms. At the same time, they also act as modern means of displaying information for individual use. For example, they are an integral element of video surveillance systems.
Plasma displays
Their screens can be much thinner than that of a TV, but they do not emit harmful electromagnetic fluxes. In addition to size, the advantage of displays is the higher contrast of the picture and the viewing angle. Unlike picture tubes, they do not have flickering images. This, accordingly, prevents the fatigue of the eyes of the audience when viewing. Due to their advantages, these means of displaying information are widely used at airports and at exhibitions, in television studios. Most panels have an aspect ratio of 16: 9. This leads to their widespread use in home theaters. The screen of the panels is absolutely flat. This causes the absence of any distortion in the transmission of the image. The panels do not have unevenness from the center to the edges. Due to this, the viewing angle is significantly increased.
Structure
The surface of the display is formed from pixels. In each of them there are three cells. They act as sources of blue, red and green. The cell is presented as a glass sealed container in the shape of a rectangle. It is filled with gas in a plasma state. Its walls are covered with colored phosphorus from the inside. Its composition is similar to that used in cathode ray tubes installed in monitors and televisions. An electric flow of a glow discharge passes through each cell. The larger it is, the brighter the glow of the cells. The current value is adjusted using the digital panel system. Using a cell, you can get about 16 million shades for each specific color. Due to this, the picture on the screen becomes realistic.
Interactive whiteboards
These means of displaying information combine two tools: a screen and, in fact, an ordinary board. To work with such a device does not require any special skills or special knowledge. Before use, an interactive whiteboard is connected to the projector and computer. A picture is projected onto it from any source. The user can work with the image directly on the board. Computer mouse manipulation is replaced by touching the screen. On the board you can make notes, show slides, draw diagrams, draw as on a normal surface, in real time you can make any adjustments, save them as files for later editing, printing, mailing.
Features of work on the boards
Recording is carried out with a special pen (electronic) or even a finger. Taking the marker in your hand, you can work with the picture on the screen. With a special pen, you can select, outline, emphasize important areas, build schemes and make adjustments to them, correct the text. Touch is captured by touch devices. They translate them into electronic signals that reflect the movement of the hand. A tray with three markers and an eraser is attached to the board. Before you begin, you can specify the colors to be used. In the process of demonstrating the material, the board will respond, for example, to the fact that a green marker is taken.
Projection screens
When choosing these means of displaying data, a number of conditions must be taken into account. First of all, it should be said that the screen size will depend on the number of viewers, the area of the audience, the power of projection equipment, and lighting conditions. The nearest rows should be located at a distance equal to twice the width of the monitor, and the farthest - six diagonals. In this case, the entire surface of the screen, including its lower part, must be viewed from any place, including the corner and the farthest. If the room has a horizontal floor, then the distance to the lower edge of the monitor will most likely be about 1.5 m. In this case, for small rooms (class or a meeting room), the optimal vertical screen size is determined by the height that remains to the ceiling.
Situational centers
In recent years, there has been a rapid development of various information technologies. This, in turn, led to the emergence of large arrays of audio-video, communication data. They must be adopted, structured, analyzed for subsequent management decisions. Along with the acceleration of the introduction of information technology, the time for solving certain urgent problems, as well as problems arising in crisis conditions, is also reduced. For optimal decision making with minimal time costs, such means of collecting and displaying information as situational centers are created. They allow, among other things, to simulate various options for the development of events, to predict the consequences of specific actions in advance, without waiting for the emergence of crisis conditions. Such situational centers are currently operating in Minatom, the Ministry of Natural Resources, the Ministry of Emergencies, and in a number of autonomous regions. Large oil and gas and industrial enterprises are also engaged in their active creation.
Tasks of the centers
In situational rooms is carried out:
- Monitoring the status of control objects, forecasting the situation in accordance with the incoming information.
- Expert evaluation of solutions, their optimization.
- Crisis management.
For the implementation of the tasks required large volumes and intensity of incoming information. This, in turn, necessitates the use of modern tools that provide high ability to receive, process, reproduce and analyze information.
Features of equipment centers
One of the key elements is a screen for collective use. It allows you to create a common information language for the employees of the center. The screen can be presented in the form of a projection unit or video wall. The latter are multi-screen systems for displaying various data. This can be, for example, electronic maps, charts and graphs, text documents in electronic form and so on. Video walls are modular in design. Thanks to this, they can be adapted to specific tasks and premises.
Videoconferencing
These systems provide sound and image transmission over telecommunication networks. They use different terminal configurations. They can be presented, for example, in the form of stand-alone devices or created on the basis of personal computers. Such communication terminals are used in situations where communication is carried out between the remote users participating in the meeting. The composition of any system includes:
- Camcorder.
- Codec
- Microphone.
- Devices for displaying video and playing sound.
Mandatory attribute are microphones. They are needed not only so that participants can hear each other, but also for communication with other centers or offices. Conventional microphones are not suitable for these purposes. It is more advisable to use the so-called conference systems - microphone consoles. Their design depends on the user who will be the user. For example, the configuration of the remote control for the leader will differ from the model for the average employee.
Conference rooms
In the process of equipping or refitting the premises, the task is to create a multifunctional complex. It should combine the possibilities of space for presentations, conferences, meetings, entertainment events. Recently, the re-equipment taking into account additional functions has become an urgent task. In particular, the room creates the opportunity to watch movies that support today's audio formats. Thus, the conference room becomes a universal room and requires appropriate equipment. The equipment includes:
- Devices that allow the transmission of visual information.
- Audio Broadcasting Equipment.
- Devices for transmitting video.
- Lighting.
- Switching equipment.
- Additional (auxiliary) devices.
Help for people with disabilities
For this category of citizens, special iconic means of displaying information have been created. For disabled people, safe conditions for movement in the infrastructure of cities, towns, microdistricts and other settlements should be created. Of particular importance is the movement of these persons on roads, streets, buildings, in passenger transport. Visual information tools ensure the safety of people when they use equipment and household appliances.
GOST
The color scheme, dimensions, brightness and contrast of the picture, symbols, as well as the rules for the use of iconic means for the disabled should comply with state standards. The location of the signs on the roads should not distract drivers of vehicles. Warning signs are used in cases where there are no other signs for the route of the disabled. Depending on the method of application, the plates may be:
- Additional.
- Independent.
The latter include warning signs and pictograms. They vary depending on the nature of the information that needs to be transmitted.