The uterus is a hollow organ, resembling the size and shape of a small pear. Myoma is a benign neoplasm that grows from the muscles of an organ. Depending on the nodes, tumors may vary in location. Neoplasms can be located in the muscle of the uterus, and also, grow on the outer surface of the organ. In the first case, the tumor is called interstitial, in the second - subserous. There is also submucous uterine fibroids. In this case, nodular formations partially protrude into the uterine cavity.
The main and most frequently manifested signs of the appearance of a submucous neoplasm include uterine bleeding. In this case, the condition is also accompanied by prolonged and heavy menstruation, leading to anemia. Often, submucous uterine fibroids are accompanied by infertility. This is due to the fact that nodular neoplasms play the role of a spiral.
Diagnosis of the disease is performed using ultrasound. The study is performed using transvaginal or transabdominal sensors.
In addition, diagnostic measures also include intrauterine echography (hysterosonography). This study is carried out in cases of heavy bleeding with simultaneous administration of saline into the body cavity. This provokes the expansion of its lumen and allows you to more accurately visualize nodular neoplasm and obtain information about the size of its intramural component.
In some cases, hydrosonography may also be performed. In this case, a conventional vaginal sensor and contrast medium are used. This diagnostic method allows you to determine the localization of the neoplasm, detect deformation in the uterine cavity, and also to differentiate the nodular neoplasm with the endometrial polyp.
Today, for diagnosis, three-dimensional ultrasound imaging is used. During the study, doctors receive complete and objective information about a developing disease.
For conducting studies of perinodular and intradural blood flow in the neoplasm, the Doppler method is used. This event allows you to identify the growth of nodes and their structural changes.
Relatively recently, the diagnosis of “submucous uterine fibroids” entailed organ removal. However, today it is possible to use modern hysteroscopic equipment that allows interventions to be maintained while removing only nodular neoplasms. However, not all hospitals today are equipped with the necessary equipment. In many of them, when diagnosing the disease “submucous uterine fibroids”, treatment involves the only option - organ removal.
Hysteroresectoscopy is performed by introducing a special tool - a hysteroresectoscope. It is introduced through the vagina, then along the neck channel into the organ cavity. A hysteroresectoscope combines an electrocoagulating stimulator and a video camera. In this case, each submucous node in the uterus is removed in layers.
It should be noted that nodular neoplasms can be localized in different ways and have different degrees of location in the organ and sizes.
As practice shows, in most cases, after hysteroresectoscopy, clinical recovery occurs.
With a complex development of the disease, when the size of the nodular neoplasms is more than three centimeters or a larger nodular site is located in the muscle, preoperative hormone therapy can be prescribed before the operation.
Submucous uterine fibroids are characterized by rapid development. At the same time, the risk of malignancy is high.