Politics is an important area in modern society, because it determines its development. The people who practice it must have a certain qualification level and a conceptual program that sets out the goals that they want to achieve. This is what we’ll talk about.
What is a political program?
This is an exposition of the platform of a party or state (or its individual institutions). It formulates the main provisions that relate to the goals of their activities, as well as how to achieve them. These are promises made to voters about the implementation of certain actions after coming to power. The socio-political program can be conceptual (that is, very brief) or, conversely, detailed and large. The former are often called strategic. This is because they offer common goals and only fundamental ways to achieve them. Detailed call tactical programs for their development. One of the parameters of democracy is the indicator of the program’s performance during the period when the politician is in power.
Content
In designed programs, there are two points:
- Management (technological). This aspect acts as the basis for future actions that are implemented upon coming to power.
- Ideological (speculative). Given that certain actions are necessary to gain political weight, there is also program populism. In this case, the party relies on specific trends or traditions that exist in society.
If we consider the situation in the Russian Federation, and indeed in the entire space of the former USSR, then it is worth noting one rather paradoxical fact: all political programs are very similar. Also, they are not fully implemented (at best, only partially implemented). This suggests that parties claiming power are weak.
Kinds
Political programs are divided into current and opposition. The opposition includes parties that seek power. The primary goal of these programs is to win the electorate. Their main task is to ensure the party victory in the elections. They are usually based on criticism of the authorities, political rivals, as well as promises for voters. It should be noted that the programs are largely propaganda in nature, so their discrepancy with reality can hardly surprise anyone. But the compliance of the statements with real actions allows us to talk about the adequacy of the political position of the party. The current programs of those who are now in power assume the existence of final goals, as well as the order of actions that will be adopted to achieve them.
Ideological diversity
Depending on what goals the party pursues in its program, it is announced:
- Social Democratic. He advocates increasing the role and participation of the state in public life, as well as in the processes of economic management. At the same time, the preservation of fundamental freedoms is envisaged.
- Communist. They want to complete the complete nationalization of the economy in order to distribute wealth between people, taking into account the interests of everyone. They also want to establish full control over the sphere of health care, education and so on.
- Liberal. There is a focus on the denationalization of the economy, as well as some other areas of life. Moreover, ideally, a policy is being pursued to reduce the participation of the bureaucracy in the life of the whole society.
- Clerical. Adhere to a certain religious ideology and have a plan to integrate it into social and political life.
- Nationalistic. It proclaims a policy in which representatives of a certain nationality have the greatest value for the state. A number of activities are being carried out that contribute to their prosperity: increasing fertility, living standards and so on.
- Fascist. Builds its activities on the basis of relevant ideas.
Types depending on the mode of action
In this case, political activity programs are divided into two types:
- Reformist. Provide for the gradual transformation of society, during which the legal means of influence on the government or to obtain it are used.
- Revolutionary They provide for the transformation of society, during which the means of struggle are used, which are declared illegal by this state system and political regime.
Political movement and its program
This is the name of voluntary formation, which arises as a result of the conscious and free desire of citizens to unite on the basis of a community of interests. It should be noted that the political movement focuses more on the current state and desired goals of a certain group of people than on program installations. Also a feature of this form of organization is that their concepts rarely provide for the achievement of power. For the most part, they only act on it in the necessary direction.
Goals and objectives in the perception of voters
We perceive socio-political programs as obligations that are given by specific people or parties to the people. Ideally, their failure should put an end to their political careers. But in practice, we can observe a number of discrepancies or even contradictions that the political program and real actions have. Often the reason for this is the inability to achieve stated goals. It is impossible to fulfill campaign promises in difficult political conditions. Therefore, a political program often contains not only its own constructive proposals, but also a link to the negative result of the activities of its competitors, as well as their problems.
The difference between modern concepts of society vision
Once upon a time, politicians emerged as representatives of a certain part of the population. Modern programs of political parties, blocs and movements that seek power and occupation of public office are drawn up taking into account the interests of the entire population. This is the result of the evolution of ideological doctrines, as a result of which the main political competitors have identical views on a number of positions. We can say that modern programs are a marketing tool whose goal is to gain or maintain power. A good example in this case is Russian reality. Although there is considerable competition, it is rather difficult to find differences in social and economic concepts. Exceptions are individual movements and parties. Instead of discussing mechanisms for solving real problems, one can often notice only the nomination of slogans that affect public consciousness, since they state real difficulties in public life. Given that it is difficult to determine the true positions of competing parties or associations, voters often focus not on political programs, but on the image of specific people. This has both pros and cons. Let's look at the programs of political parties in Russia. What are they fighting for? What are the goals?
Russian reality
We have the main political parties (and their programs presented in the State Duma), as well as a number of smaller organizations. Consider them all will not work because of their significant number. Therefore, attention will be paid to those who have a certain power, and only in general terms. The table will help us with this. The programs of political parties in it are described only in general terms.
Title | Program |
Communist Party | As an ideological program, they chose to uphold the rights of wage workers and the national interests of the state. All of it was built in such a way as to achieve the construction of a renewed socialism in the Russian Federation. Marxism-Leninism, which is adapted to modern conditions, is chosen as the basis. |
LDPR | The party program proclaimed the desire to move towards democracy and liberalism. But along with this there is a certain contradiction. In certain points of the program, there are obvious conflicts with the main line: thus, the subordination of the interests of individuals to the state is proclaimed, and in the economic sphere preference is given to a mixed type of economic life. |
EP | The program is focused on conservatism and centrism. The main confrontation is with other more radical parties. Conservative modernization is proclaimed as the desired goal. The program of this party also provides support for the general political course of the government and the president of the Russian Federation. |
Conclusion
It should be noted that the political programs of Russia are not limited to those presented above in their diversity. So, each politician is looking for his own group of people who will support his ideas.
It should be noted that the programs of parties of different directions have their own “points of support”. Their goals also include not only finding followers, but also “recruiting” people from other political camps.