The knee joint is considered the largest in the human body, as it is formed by the patella, femur and tibia, and is also strengthened by strong ligaments. Smooth sliding of the joint provides synovial fluid, which is located in a special bag. The normal functioning of the legs when running and walking depends on ligaments, muscles and menisci - intraarticular plate bodies. The basis of the knee joints is the quadriceps muscle, which passes into the patella, as well as the lateral and cruciate ligaments. All this allows a person to move and feel easy and comfortable.
Frequent damage to the knee joints occurs due to the fact that they are located superficially. If you fix the foot and sharply turn the body, there will be an excessive load on the ligaments of the knee, as a result of which they will burst. Such injuries are often observed in athletes who practice football, gymnastics, skiing, athletics and wrestling.
Indications for prosthetics of the knee joints
This includes:
- post-traumatic arthrosis ;
- development of knee tumors;
- aseptic necrosis;
- intraarticular fracture of the femur or tibia;
- patella disease;
- rheumatoid polyarthritis;
- joint damage in psoriasis, arthritis, gout;
- degenerative-dystrophic pathologies;
- improper jointing of the knee after fractures;
- changes in the bones or damage to the ligamentous apparatus;
- Ankylosing spondylitis, accompanied by osteoarthritis.
Knee replacement is the only way to restore the lost functions of the lower extremities. Such an operation is highly accurate, due to which health is restored to the diseased joint. Procedures of this kind are often prescribed to older persons, as they lead a less active lifestyle than young people. It should be noted that implanted joints can last more than twenty years.
Rehabilitation of the knee after injuries
An important role in eliminating and preventing post-traumatic consequences is played by special physical exercises, which are the main factors that support the functioning of healthy people and stimulate
recovery processes in patients. In the complex treatment of diseases of the knee joints , health-improving physical culture is surely prescribed, which has a favorable versatile effect on the body, controls venous outflow, prevents blood stasis, normalizes microcirculation and prevents degenerative changes. When choosing the necessary set of exercises, first of all, one should take into account the severity and nature of the injury, the mental state of the patient, as well as the degree of his physical fitness.
In diseases of the musculoskeletal system, physiotherapeutic methods such as magnetotherapy, UHF, and ultrasound are widely used. These procedures help to reduce swelling and pain. Also, for rehabilitation purposes, laser therapy, muscle electrical stimulation, as well as phonophoresis using various medications can be prescribed. In addition, manual therapy is used to strengthen muscles and correct the imbalance that occurs after prolonged immobilization of the limb.