A lesson is the main form of organization of study at school. There are several types of lessons that differ in their goals and, accordingly, in structure.
The structure of a lesson is a set of interaction options between the individual elements of a lesson that occurs during training and provides targeted action for it.
The following types of lessons are distinguished:
1) lessons in which students learn new knowledge, accumulate factual material;
2) the lessons at which the formation and improvement of skills and abilities takes place;
3) lessons in the systematization and generalization of the studied material;
4) lessons in which students repeat and consolidate their knowledge;
5) control and verification;
6) combined.
The structure of the lesson directly depends on the purpose of the lesson, the content of the material that is planned to be studied, the means, methods and teaching methods that are planned to be used, on the preparation of students and on the creative potential of the teacher himself.
The standard lesson structure is as follows:
1. Organizational moment.
2. Checking homework.
3. A survey of students on the material passed.
4. Presentation of new material.
5. Consolidation of the received information.
6. Recording homework.
7. Summarizing the lesson.
The types and structure of the lessons are planned personally by the teachers who will conduct them. The teacher is an independent creative and intellectual person. One of the main requirements that he must meet is love and respect for students, faith in the uniqueness of each of them. Well, of course, every teacher must know the subject that he teaches, be interested in him and love him, try to learn more about him.
All types of lessons and their structure should include an organizational moment, which is characterized by both external and internal readiness of the children to conduct the lesson: to check the homework, skills and knowledge of students in preparation for considering a new topic. You need to be able to correctly set the goal of the lesson in front of the children, organize it in such a way that the students have enough time not only to perceive, but also to comprehend the information received, to conduct an initial test of understanding of the stated new knowledge.
For example, a lesson in the study of new material has the following structure:
1. Organizational moment.
2. Conducting an initial acquaintance with new material, taking into account the laws of this process and the level of mental activity of students.
2. Clear installation on what exactly needs to be remembered.
3. The motivation for remembering and further storing material in memory for a long time.
4. Updating techniques to facilitate memorization (semantic grouping, the use of supporting materials).
5. Initial consolidation of knowledge through direct repetition and partial conclusions under the guidance of a teacher.
6. Checking the quality of primary memorization.
7. Conducting regular systematic repetitions both over short and long time intervals with different requirements for their reproduction, including solving differentiated tasks.
8. The constant use of acquired skills and knowledge to obtain new ones, as well as their internal repetition.
9. As often as possible the use of reference materials for memorization, control and regular assessments of the results of memorization.
10. Recording homework.
11. Summarizing the lesson.
The structure of the lesson, its proper construction is one of the main tools on which the volume and quality of knowledge with which the child leaves the institution depends. All its elements act as practical tasks that require their solution by the teacher to one degree or another in the preparation and conduct of the lesson.