Wound granulation - what is it? The process consists of several stages of restoration of damaged tissue sites. Depending on the severity of the injuries, there are light and complex wounds. It is their nature that makes it possible to formulate forecasts of the success of treatment and the rate of tissue renewal.
Phases of tissue repair after damage
There are several phases of
wound healing :
- inflammation
- granulation phase of the wound;
- the formation of the epithelium.
Further, in the material, we consider the indicated stages of tissue regeneration in detail. We will find out which therapeutic methods are used to activate the processes of tissue granulation, the speedy restoration of damaged areas and the renewal of healthy epithelium.
Inflammatory stage
The presented process of granulation of the wound proceeds for a week from the moment of damage. The primary reaction here is the production of substances by the body that contribute to enhanced blood coagulation. Excessive granulation in wounds leads to blockage of blood vessels. Thus, at the site of tissue damage, bleeding completely stops.
A few days later, tissue inflammation begins at the site of the wound, the cause of which is abundant cell division. Due to this, new tissues are gradually growing.
The inflammatory stage of wound granulation, as a rule, requires suturing the existing lesions. The reason for this is quite a strong tension of the tissues, the edges of which are able to diverge repeatedly in the healing process due to the development of a rather fragile granulation material.
Granulation phase
Wound granulation - what is it?
This phase is activated approximately on the 7th day after the occurrence of damage. At this stage, the wounds continue to be filled with granulation. Over the course of a month, new healthy cells, sprouting blood vessels, and strong connective tissue are formed in its structure.
What ends with granulation of the wound at this stage? The photos presented in the material allow you to see how healthy epithelial cells are deposited on the lining from newly formed tissues. Previously damaged tissues are joined together by young scars that have a bright red tint.
Tissue epithelization phase
The presented stage of tissue healing is also known as the period of scar formation or reorganization of scar structures. At the presented stage, there is no loose matter that can stand out from the wound. The surface areas at the site of damage become dry.
The most pronounced epithelization manifests itself closer to the edges of the wound. Here the so-called islands of healthy tissue formation are formed, which differ in a somewhat textured surface. In this case, the central part of the wound may still be at the stage of inflammation for some time. Therefore, at this stage, most often resort to differentiated treatment. It promotes the active renewal of cells closer to the edges of the wound and prevents its suppuration in the central part.
Depending on the complexity of the wound, the final epithelization can last for up to one year. During this time, the damage is completely filled with new tissue and covered with skin. The initial number of vessels in the scar material is also reduced. Therefore, the scar changes a bright red color to the usual skin tone.
Cells that take part in wound granulation processes
What causes healing and its acceleration? Granulation of the wound is due to the activation of leukocytes, plasmacytes, mast cells, fibroblasts and histiocytes.
As the inflammatory phase progresses, tissue cleansing occurs. Restriction of access of pathogens to the deep layers of damage occurs due to their conservation by fibroblasts and fibrocytes. Then platelets come into action, which bind active substances and enhance catabolism reactions.
In the subsequent organism, T-lymphocytes are actively produced, which penetrate the wound and bind potentially dangerous bacteria. The development of this process is necessarily accompanied by abundant discharge of pus. If the wound is strongly festering, this indicates the presence in the tissues of an abundant number of microorganisms that are “devoured” by T-lymphocytes.
At the granulation stage, the main role is played by fibroblasts. Cells of the present type carry out the insertion of collagen along the edges of the wound. The process slows down with the development of tumors, inflammation, the formation of a copious amount of dead tissue. Accordingly, inadequate transport of collagen to damaged tissues leads to longer healing.
Of importance in wound healing is not only the active production of the corresponding cells, but also ensuring sufficient access of oxygen to the damaged area. It contributes to the speedy restoration of tissue structures and the saturation of the body with vitamin C, zinc, iron.
Wound Care in the Initial Stage of Healing
The optimal solution for the speedy restoration of damaged tissue is the regular use of dressings. Disinfection is carried out with
solutions of potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide. These substances are applied warm on a gauze swab. Next, a neat impregnation of the wound is performed, in which contact with the hands is prevented from damage - this can lead to the development of infections.
In the initial stages of wound healing, it is strictly forbidden to forcibly separate dead tissue. You can only remove flocculent elements that are easily torn away with little exposure to sterile tweezers. For the quickest formation of a dead scab in other areas, they resort to their treatment with a 5% solution of iodine.
Physiotherapy treatment
Among physiotherapeutic methods, ultraviolet irradiation can be prescribed at the stage when wound granulation is actively carried out. What it is? First of all, ultraviolet radiation involves a moderate thermal effect on the damaged area. Such therapy is especially useful if the victim has stagnation of granulations, which have a sluggish structure. Also, a gentle effect on the wound with ultraviolet rays is recommended in cases where a natural discharge of purulent plaque does not occur for a long time.
Wound granulation - treatment with alternative methods
In the presence of simple damage, in which only the superficial extreme layers of the epithelium are affected, for recovery you can resort to alternative methods of treatment. A good solution here is the application of gauze dressings soaked in hypericum oil. The presented method contributes to the early completion of the granulation phase and the active renewal of tissues.
To prepare the above tool, it is enough to take about 300 ml of refined vegetable oil and about 30-40 grams of dried hypericum. After mixing the ingredients, the composition should be boiled on low heat for about an hour. The cooled mass must be filtered through cheesecloth. Further, it can be used for dressing.
Healing wounds at the granulation stage can also be done using pine resin. The latter is taken in its pure form, rinsed with water and, if necessary, softened with mild heat. After such preparation, the substance is superimposed on the damaged area of the tissue and fixed with a bandage.
Drug treatment
Often, granulation of the wound is a fairly long process. The healing rate depends on the condition of the body, the area of damage, its nature. Therefore, when choosing a medication for the treatment of a wound, it is necessary to analyze at what stage of healing it is currently.
Among the most effective drugs are the following:
- ointment "Acerbine" - is a universal remedy that can be used at any stage of the wound healing process;
- ointment "Solcoseryl" - contributes to the speedy granulation of damage, avoids tissue erosion, the appearance of ulcerative neoplasms;
- Hemoderivative of blood of dairy calves - produced in the form of a gel and ointment, is a universal highly effective drug for wound healing.
Sometimes in the course of wound healing with the use of ointments, regression is observed. In such cases, it is necessary to stop using the drug for some time or turn to more effective means, for example, medicines in the form of gels. The result of this approach to treatment should be an early wound cleansing, as well as the emergence of new granulations.
Surgical intervention
With a delay in the granulation processes, the formation of deep wound passages is possible, in which there is an accumulation of purulent sagging. In such cases, it is difficult to clean the wound due to the use of ointments and gels. The elimination of unpleasant complications most often occurs through surgical intervention. In this case, the specialist performs an incision, removes purulent accumulations, disinfects the wound, and then imposes contra-holes.
Finally
So we figured it out, granulation of a wound - what is it? As practice shows, one of the determining conditions for accelerating the healing process is differentiated treatment. The correct selection of medications also matters. All this contributes to the speedy granulation of the damaged area and the formation of a new, healthy tissue.