Speech is the main tool of communication between people, which children begin to master in the first years of life. The ability to clearly and consistently express one’s thoughts has a positive effect on the psychological development of the child, forms sociability, intelligence and the general progress of thinking. The development of speech in the senior group of kindergarten is an important and integral tool for improving preschoolers and has its own characteristics.
Class purpose
Speech development in the older group is aimed primarily at improving the already existing knowledge and skills of children who will soon have to go to school. By the sixth year of life, a child should be able to:
- use about 2-3 thousand words;
- competently build sentences using all parts of speech;
- to reason, express their opinion;
- to know stable phrases and expressions;
- explain the meaning of words.
Classes contribute to the formation of knowledge and skills necessary for a given age, enrich the vocabulary of a preschooler, and teach them the correct form of communication. A child who speaks fluently and well has the opportunity to speak out and maintain an interesting dialogue, which positively affects the intelligence, logic and fantasy of the little man. Techniques aimed at the development of speech in the older group are selected in accordance with the age characteristics of preschool children.
Speech development methods
The main stages of improving children's speech is training, correction and education. The work of teachers in kindergarten includes such moments as:
- verbal and non-verbal communication training;
- work on the pronunciation of complex words and individual sounds;
- correction of speech defects;
- development of expressiveness;
- learning the right emotional color of speech.
The development of speech in the older group is more entertaining in nature, as preschoolers better absorb information that is presented in a playful way. Games, quizzes, songs and fairy tales participate in the formation and improvement of the necessary speech skills of children. Intellectual tasks should be harmoniously replaced by physical activity - dances, exercises, active games. Exemption from excess energy contributes to even more successful results.
GEF for preschoolers
Education of preschool children is an important condition for the further successful development of each child. The importance of improving the speech skills of kindergarten pupils is emphasized by the Federal State Educational Standard, which came into force in Russia not so long ago, but is already used in every educational program, including in working with preschool children.
The development of speech in the senior group on GEF includes the following tasks:
- enrichment of vocabulary;
- the ability to use speech as a means of culture and communication;
- acquaintance with literature, its genres;
- the development of phonemic hearing (the correct arrangement of stress in words, expressive speech);
- the formation of opportunities for speech creativity.
An important goal in the educational system is to instill a child with a love of literature and the formation of a need for reading. Such skills contribute to the development of preschool intelligence and literacy, which positively affects the level of education in the future.
The development of speech in the senior group: classes and their structure
To obtain maximum performance from classes, experienced teachers have developed many different programs and techniques. In order for children not to overwork and not get bored during training, there is a certain structure of classes. It is often recommended for classes aimed at developing speech in the older group.
- Attracting children. Entering the process of classes should be interesting and fascinating for restless children. Preschoolers are curious and playful, so inviting children to participate in a fairy tale will be the best solution.
- Accomplishment of tasks. While the children are as concentrated as possible, the main stage of education is carried out.
- Game Pause During the break, children should be allowed to get rid of energy. It can be a dance, role-playing game, completing tasks that require physical activity.
- Story. Reading a fairy tale, discussing it, playing and performing various tasks contributes not only to improving speech, but also to the formation of social and moral concepts in children.
- Relaxation. The final conversation.
A thematic variety of tasks is recommended, which can be based on fairy tales or other sources. Seasonal themes aimed at developing speech in the older group are preferable: “Autumn, hello!”, “How do I spend the summer”, “Winter entertainment”.
Introduction to the learning process
To organize children and attract their attention, it is necessary to organize an interesting, but simple combination of phrases and exercises. You can gather preschoolers in a circle and organize a finger game.
- At the expense of one to five children alternately bend their fingers (" we will play together" ).
- With a countdown, the fist clears - three, two, times (" waiting for new knowledge of us" ).
After the game, children are introduced to the upcoming topics of classes, whether it is study of professions, acquaintance with nature or the fairy-tale world. It is recommended to have a brief discussion related to the topic. It is necessary to involve all children in the conversation with the help of auxiliary questions and individual invitations of timid participants to the dialogue.
The development of facial expressions and intonation
The main exercises depend on the chosen subjects of the lesson. Tasks for the development of expressiveness and facial expressions should be included in the process. The following is an example of a milestone.
The development of speech in the senior group on the topic: "Autumn, hello!".
- The teacher invites preschool children to greet autumn: "We have been waiting for you so much, autumn."
- Children repeat sentences, emphasizing the first word.
- Then the greeting is repeated, but the emphasis is on the second word.
- The phrase is voiced with emphasis on the next word and so on.
The teacher comes up with a new proposal: "Autumn has replaced the summer." Children should repeat the statement with different intonations - fun, disappointed, resentful, angry. The students should be praised and encouraged during the game.
Games
Even those activities that are aimed only at the development of speech in the older group are recommended to be diluted with a game that requires physical activity. It is desirable that it fits into the general mood of the lesson, corresponds to the theme and uses game attributes in it. If the lesson is dedicated to the autumn season, you can ask preschoolers the following tasks:
- jump over puddles (cardboard ovals, for example);
- throw paper foliage;
- run away from the rain, which one of the pupils will play;
- show the birds that fly away to warmer climes.
It's great if the children themselves will offer ideas for entertainment, offering options for the entertainment and activities that are associated with the selected time of the year.
Tasks
This stage is devoted to literary works and creativity. The teacher can read a fairy tale, story or poem dedicated to the topics selected for the lesson. After reading it is necessary to use the imagination and imagination of preschoolers. Children themselves can figure out how the story ended by offering their own options. You can arrange a quiz, the answers to which were found in the work.
It is preferable to use additional attributes that are prepared in advance. With their help, students will be able to beat the story they have read. For example, the teacher told the children a fairy tale about a hedgehog who was stocking up with food for the winter. The teacher offers the attention of children a large basket in which various objects lie. What will the forest animal take: apples, mushrooms, or perhaps a ball?
Graduation
At the end of the lesson, a summary is made, where preschoolers are given the opportunity to analyze the information received. The teacher asks the children about what the lesson was about, what the guys learned new and interesting. It is important to praise preschool children, this will encourage them and stimulate active participation during lessons in the future.
A small reminder of the past lesson in the form of a gift will especially please children. It can be a sticker, a delicious candy or another nice bonus. Children can be given an interesting homework - to draw a drawing on a topic covered or to learn a verse.