On the shore of the Sea of Japan is a special offshore oil port of Kozmino (Oil depot). It is the last point of the East Siberia - Pacific Ocean (ESPO) oil pipeline.
This port is designed to transport oil to Asian countries in the Pacific. Transneft Port Kozmino is a domestic company offering stevedoring services and is the operator of an oil loading terminal in Vostochny port, which is located in the Wrangel Bay of Nakhodka Bay. In December 2012, the company became the extreme point of the ESPO pipeline system.
The history of development
The port of Kozmino in Nakhodka, Primorsky Territory, is the largest and youngest terminal in Russia. The ESPO pipeline system (TSO ESPO) is an integral part of Transneft LLC. Its construction gives Russia the opportunity to export oil to the countries of the Pacific Partnership. The share of the Kozmino port for the supply of fuel by sea is kept within 30%. Which is 70 million tons per year.
The construction and use of the first, and then the second stage of the ESPO TS project and the port (terminal) in Kozmino Bay gave Russia the opportunity to export oil of a new grade of ESPO (East Siberian - Pacific ocean) to the TPP countries (Pacific Trade Partnership). And thereby to some extent expand its influence. On December 28, 2009, they began to build the first branch of the ESPO pipeline and the Kozmino oil port. Then the first 100 tons of oil were loaded. The second branch of the oil pipeline project was completed on December 25, 2012. In order to increase the port's capacity, in 2015 they began repairing the underwater dam. Dredging of the water area of the second berth is also being carried out, which will improve the capacity for tankers. New oil storage tanks are also being built. From the end of 2009 to the middle of 2016, over 139.035 million tons of oil were passed through Transneft Port Kozmino LLC.
Since then, the number of countries in the Asia-Pacific region into which Russian oil is supplied has been constantly expanding.
Ecology of the port. What you need to know
Kozmino port belongs to the II class of local-local hazard. In order to identify environmental problems and assess environmental risk, an environmental audit system has been introduced at the facility. An environmental audit involves an independent assessment of compliance with regulatory requirements in the field of nature conservation by a business entity. On the territory of the terminal there is a unit for recovering vapors and waste oil products that are released in high concentrations from tankers and threaten the health of a normal person. When loading oil into a specialized tanker within a radius of 30-40 meters, boom (floating) barriers are used. They prevent the spread of a possible bitumen - oil stain over the surface of the bay. Industrial effluents used in production cycles are diverted to treatment facilities located at the tank farm. The necessary control over the level of ballast tanker water pollution is carried out by experts from the environmental and chemical services.
Marine inhabitants - nature conservationists
Good ecology in the port of Kozmino is supported by a “scallop farm”. Which is located near the pier. There, ecology is monitored by scallop, Kamchatka bottom crab and sea mollusks. They are able to accumulate terratogenic substances and serve as indicators showing the degree of purity of the sea. They were specially released at the berths, and they are constantly monitored by specialists for the presence of harmful substances. If such substances are not observed in shell organisms, then this is an acceptable risk zone for the “personalities” living there.
Production features
The technical buildings and facilities of the port of Kozmino are located in the Nakhodka city district and the nearby Partizansky district. These facilities include: 4 railway overpasses with double-sided discharge, tank farm and retaining main pumping stations; 23-kilometer main pipeline with provincial infrastructure: communication and power lines; tank farm with a platform for tanks; auxiliary coastal and berthing facilities with oil metering units (SIKN) and an autonomous oil pier for mooring tankers; a technological platform for receiving oil with a SIKN unit (oil quality measuring system), a safety system for oil pipeline branches and industrial water discharge tanks; repair and other technical workshops; workshop for transport and special equipment; pipeline safety service, including the ESPO-II branch.
Earlier, from the moment of operation, oil was delivered to the offshore object by rail through all of Russia. The headquarters of the terminal - port of Kozmino is located in the city of Nakhodka. The company took its first staff to drain on October 22, 2009. Four drain double-sided overpasses can provide gravity bottom discharge from 72 railway tank cars each separately (a total of 144 tank cars). After that, West Siberian oil was pumped into the tank farm of the tank farm and, as available, loaded into tankers. In this way, specialmornefteport worked until the construction of the second branch of the TSO ESPO pipeline.
Port Power Expansion
At the current rate, an efficient modernization of the oil port is underway. In 2010, 3 new reservoirs were built, as a result, the volume of oil storage facilities increased to 500 thousand cubic meters. An additional system was also built to measure the quantity and quality of stored transported oil. In modern times, oil is delivered to the port of Kozmino via trunk pipelines and rail. Loading on tankers is carried out at four oil pier, where large ships enter. The project laid down and implements a modern complex of innovative facilities for round-the-clock work.
Directions of work
The oil port of Kozmino provides the main areas of work:
- Pumping oil from the ESPO-II oil pipelines.
- Oil discharge from railway tanks to an export tank farm.
- Audit accounting of the quantity and quality of crude oil.
- Short-term storage of marketable oil in suitable storage facilities.
- Oil loading on large-capacity ocean transport.
According to plans for oil shipment from the specialized port of Kozmino, it is planned to reach an annual volume of over 23 and more million tons.
Conclusion
The total volume of oil transportation carried out through the port of Kozmino for the Asia-Pacific countries is: Japan - 37.6% (4.4 million tons); China - 20.5% (2.4 million tons); South Korea - 14.5% (1.7 million tons); Philippines - 7.7% (0.9 million tons) and further down the list, including Thailand, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, Taiwan and Indonesia.
It should be noted here that the export of ESPO brand oil from a marine specialized facility in 2018 amounted to 30.4 million tons in total.
For its contribution to the social and economic development of the city and the region, Transneft Port Kozmino was awarded many honorary diplomas.