Vaccinations are necessary for children or they are not necessary, each mother decides independently. Doctors insist on vaccination and argue that this is an opportunity to avoid many diseases in adulthood. Complex vaccinations save time and help to avoid a series of unpleasant moments that a child would have to endure if each vaccine was administered separately. We learn when they get the measles-rubella-mumps vaccine and how toddlers and preschool children tolerate it.
Vaccination schedule
The list and timing of vaccine administration is determined by the National Vaccination Calendar. This document is approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and determines the timing of preventive measures for citizens. The main vaccinations recommended by pediatricians and the ministry responsible for national health are:
- Injections from hepatitis B, which are administered on the first day of life, in one, two and six months.
- A vaccine against tuberculosis is done from the third to the seventh day of the baby's life.
- The pneumococcal vaccine is vaccinated in two, and then four and a half months.
- Injection from diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus is carried out at three, four and a half and six months.
- A polio vaccine is also given at 3, 4.5, and 6 months.
- The measles-rubella-mumps vaccine is given annually.
- Revaccination against pneumococcal infection is carried out at the onset of one year and three months.
- Against polio, revaccination is carried out in a year and a half, in one year and eight months, in 14 years.
- From diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus, booster vaccination is also necessary at one and a half years, at six and fourteen years.
- According to the schedule, measles-rubella-mumps is reintroduced at age 6.
- Revaccination against tuberculosis is also carried out at 6 years.
Danger to humans
All three diseases can have serious consequences, and since they are transmitted by airborne droplets, the risk of infection is quite high. Symptoms of each ailment are different.
Measles is characterized by inflammation of the oral mucosa and respiratory tract, fever, and a slightly pink rash. It reduces the body's immunity, leads to bacterial complications, causes hepatitis, tracheobronchitis, panencephalitis.
With rubella, red acne appears, intoxication of the body occurs and the lymph nodes increase. A pregnant woman infected with rubella can transmit the disease to the fetus, which will lead to malformations or death of the baby in the womb.
Mumps affects the nervous system, brain, parotid glands, testicles, which leads to infertility in men.
Measles
This is a viral infection, which can be infected in 99.9% of cases by contact with the patient. The main symptoms are a small rash, general malaise, fever, reddened conjunctiva of the eyes. The disease itself is not dangerous and only in extreme cases requires the patient to be in the hospital. If complications develop, then they can lead to death. Among these conditions, encephalitis, diarrhea with severe dehydration, life-threatening, otitis media, pneumonia, and partial blindness are most often observed.
The Russian measles vaccine is called “mumps-measles,” since it also provides protection against mumps. The domestic pharmaceutical company also produces a mono-drug for vaccination only against measles. Sometimes Russian clinics use the French Ruvax vaccine. Unlike the domestic version, an imported product is formed in the chicken embryo, which may be contraindicated in children with a negative reaction to protein. An embryo of Japanese quail is used for the Russian preparation.
Parotitis
The second name for this disease is mumps. This is a viral disease that belongs to the same group of infections as measles, rubella, and chickenpox. Mumps usually affects the glands inside the body. Salivary glands, pancreas, or testicles in boys are most commonly affected. Since mumps is sick from three to eight years, it is necessary to adhere to the vaccination calendar. At the age when vaccination is recommended, the highest number of cases of mumps is noted. The risk increases when a child visits kindergarten, early childhood schools and public places with a large crowd of people, because the infection is transmitted by airborne droplets. There are times when babies become infected through objects, such as children's toys.
Initially, the symptoms of the disease are similar to any viral infection. The temperature rises, headaches appear, and the general condition worsens. Further, the parotid glands swell and the face looks very thick, and the eyes often become narrow.
Complications arise when the disease passes to the pancreas, which is characterized by pain in the left side and vomiting. Hearing impairment is possible. Inflammation of the testicles in boys and ovaries in girls leads to serious consequences, especially if the disease occurs during puberty. It happens that with damage to the central nervous system, meningitis develops, which can be cured in most cases with timely treatment to the hospital.
Typically, the mumps vaccine is either part of a domestic product and provides immediate protection against measles and mumps, or is administered as part of a three-component imported lyophilisate.
Rubella
This virus has the longest incubation period and can harm both children and adults. The body of a pregnant woman and the fetus in the womb can react especially sharply. In 80% of cases, rubella in the first trimester of pregnancy will lead to miscarriage, death or congenital malformations of the baby. That is why not only children but also adults are so revaccinated against measles, rubella, and mumps, which should be done every ten years.
Either a monocomponent domestic vaccine is introduced, or imported products containing three types of live viruses at once.
Vaccine
When a measles-rubella-mumps vaccine is given, you can find out from the National Calendar. It noted the introduction of attenuated disease-preventing viruses at one year and at six.
Unfortunately, the Russian three-component vaccine does not exist. If you contacted a state medical institution and want to get vaccinated for free, which you have every right to, you will be offered two injections. In one syringe there will be a monocomponent domestic solution for measles, and in the other there will be a component suspension from rubella and mumps. It is unacceptable to mix two vaccines to administer them once, as this can cause various adverse reactions.
The pediatrician can recommend one of the imported drugs, which are also used as a vaccine against measles, rubella, and mumps. The names of vaccines sold in Russia are not so popular. The most famous of them:
- MMR II - developed in the USA, but manufactured today in the Netherlands. The abbreviation stands for measles, mumps, rubella, which means "measles, mumps, rubella." Viruses in the composition are attenuated, which does not cause disease, but only contributes to the formation of protective protein molecules. In the manufacture of lyophilisate, all three viruses are mixed. Components such as sorbitol, sucrose, neomycin, calf embryo serum and albumin are added to them. If the vaccine is administered to the baby according to the calendar approved in Russia, namely at the age of 1 year, the measles-rubella-mumps vaccination of this manufacturer will work until the age of eleven.
- Priorix is a live vaccine from a Belgian manufacturer against three diseases. Viruses in the composition, as in the previous version, are weakened. Additional components are chicken egg protein and neomycin sulfate. The drug can be used both for routine vaccination and for urgent vaccination to people who have recently contacted patients.
Planned introduction
If you ask Russian mothers when they get the measles-rubella-mumps vaccine, most people will remember that they encountered this kind of vaccine in their second year of life. This age is considered optimal, since in early childhood the child is most at risk when faced with infections.
However, experts note that a single vaccination does not provide adequate protection for the baby. That is why, according to the mentioned calendar, the repeated administration of attenuated viruses is carried out after the child reaches the age of six. It is believed that the vaccine does not work all life. She helps someone not to get sick for 10 years, and someone protects 25 years. The duration of action is associated exclusively with the characteristics of the body.
It so happens that a child has a medical drain from vaccinations for some time. In this case, attenuated viruses are administered only after the end of this period. The revaccination age for measles, rubella, and mumps is unimportant for the child. It is believed that the interval between vaccinations should be at least four years.
The vaccine is administered either under the shoulder blade or in the right shoulder.
Training
A few days before vaccination, it is necessary to cancel visits to places with crowded people. On the day of vaccination, you must examine the child at home, and then go to the pediatrician. He will professionally study the condition of the baby, listen to him and measure the temperature. If the doctor has doubts, he will prescribe a laboratory study of blood counts, and may also recommend a visit to narrow specialists. Children with pathologies of the nervous system must visit a neurologist who can prescribe anticonvulsants. Kids with chronic diseases are allowed to be vaccinated during remission. In this case, vaccination is possible against the background of general treatment.
What can and cannot be on vaccination day
It is advisable not to immediately leave the hospital, but to stay nearby for half an hour. Bathing a child is optional. But if necessary, it is better to dispense with a shower without soap. It is unacceptable to offer a child chocolate, citrus fruits and other allergens, as well as new products for him. Walking on the street is possible, but away from large crowds. You should also avoid visiting shops and playgrounds.
Condition after injection
When a measles-rubella-mumps vaccine is given, babies tolerate it differently. This is due to both the individual characteristics of the body and the vaccine. The possible consequences of vaccination at 6 years old do not differ much from administration in infants. Bacterial complications in the form of otitis media, bronchitis, and throat inflammation can manifest themselves, and a rash at the injection site is also possible. Individual children may experience reactions to a specific vaccine component.
Complications of the measles vaccine component
After vaccination, measles-rubella-mumps in 1 year the reactions are different and they can occur on different components of the vaccine. On the measles component there are:
- Swelling and redness for several days.
- The appearance of cough on the sixth day.
- Blood from the nose.
- Temperature rise.
- Decreased appetite.
- Rash.
- Enlarged lymph nodes.
- Redness of the throat.
- Cramps.
- Quincke's edema.
Mumps Responses
Whether the second vaccination is carried out at 6 years old, or the first vaccination at one year, complications manifest themselves in the same way. Pediatricians note that unpleasant symptoms rarely appear. Basically, the vaccine is well tolerated by babies. But there are cases when, after eight to ten days, mothers find an increase in the salivary glands, rhinitis, headache, weakness, nausea and vomiting, convulsions and fever.
How the body reacts to rubella
Of course, vaccination is an effective method of protection against measles, rubella, and mumps. Complications do not occur often, especially on the rubella component. They can occur in the form of fever, swollen lymph nodes, joint pain. A pink rash is sometimes noticeable.
Moms should remember that some reactions, for example, rash and fever, are one of the normal options and you should not worry. Of course, symptomatic treatment can and should be carried out, such as lowering the fever, providing the child with painkillers, medicines for allergies or inflammation.
Serious conditions, manifested by convulsions, loss of consciousness, severe pain, require a visit to a specialist, and in some cases an immediate emergency call.
Contraindications
Any pediatrician prescribes vaccinations by age. However, there are conditions when vaccination should be delayed or completely abandoned. Contraindications include:
- Medotvod recommended by doctors because of the serious condition of the baby, recorded immediately after birth.
- Complications of a previous vaccine.
- Oncological diseases.
- AIDS.
- Allergy to egg white and aminoglycosides.
- ARVI.
- Chemotherapy
- The introduction of blood components or immunoglobulin.
What vaccinations do school
Usually a child enters an educational institution already partially vaccinated. If the mother refused to vaccinate the baby, then she should think about the consequences. Getting into a huge team, an unvaccinated student has a great risk of contracting many diseases. In addition to the fact that the circle of communication increases sharply, immunity decreases due to various kinds of physical and mental stress. Perhaps the vaccine will not protect against illness, but will allow you to get sick in a mild form.
According to the calendar, a child must have a card before entering school that shows vaccinations for hepatitis B, tuberculosis, polio, pertussis, diphtheria, tetanus, rubella, measles and mumps.
During the period of schooling, if the student did all the vaccinations according to the schedule, two revaccinations are carried out: one of them is done against polio, the second - from diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus. In addition, tuberculosis tests are carried out annually with the help of Mantoux or Diaskintest. These samples allow you to determine the infection of the body with mycobacteria.
All medical manipulations with the child, including vaccinations or tuberculin tests, should be carried out only with the written consent of the parent or legal representative.
Sometimes students are asked to get a flu vaccine. Pediatricians claim that this virus can bring a lot of trouble and complications, so they recommend that mothers agree to receive this kind of vaccine.
Usually, after 14 years of vaccination, the student, with the exception of the flu vaccine, is not given. Only revaccination at a more advanced age is possible. However, since 2013, new recommendations have been introduced, according to which the vaccine against human papillomavirus is administered to girls aged 15 years. A vaccination of this kind can prevent the disease, but it cannot cure it. That is why it is important to vaccinate before sexual activity.
Features
It should be noted that all of the vaccines described can be administered on the same day as others vaccinated on the vaccination calendar. The exception is only BCG, which does not allow simultaneous administration. You also need to keep in mind that a blood transfusion can be carried out three months before the vaccine or two weeks after it.
Serious post-vaccination reactions to CPC vaccination are usually rare. In most cases, there is a subtle swelling at the injection site and redness that disappears after a few days.