The technology of creative workshops in technology lessons is a great way to fulfill the social order placed in front of the school. Technological, communication, geopolitical transformations that are observed in modern society have become the reason for the modernization of school education.
The relevance of technology
The change in social relations has led to the need to pay attention to the student as a full-fledged subject of intercultural communication, an active participant in the educational process.
That is why a personality-activity approach was chosen as the main learning strategy. The technology of creative workshops is ideal for such a technique, since the child’s personality is placed at the center of the process, his individual creative abilities, interests, and inclinations are taken into account.
Emerging issues
The problem is that the classical system of education did not create optimal conditions for the formation of practical skills. The main emphasis of teachers was on the theoretical preparation of the younger generation. Due to the low activity component in learning, schoolchildren did not have communication skills, and creative thinking was developed to a minimum.
What needed to be done in order to cope with the situation in domestic education? The technology of creative workshops is an excellent option for creating a positive attitude towards learning. Thanks to the creation of problem situations, which students themselves must solve, their external and internal activity significantly increases. The more active the teacher chooses in his work, the easier it is for him to interest his students, to involve them in the educational process.
The technology of creative workshops at the lessons of technology, physics, chemistry makes it possible not only to master certain information, but also to practice acquired skills in practice.
Main ideas
What features does pedagogical technology have? A creative workshop created by A. Vallon, P. Langevin, J. Piaget, involves teaching the younger generation how to obtain knowledge and skills. The essence of this technique is to independently “discover” information by examining its relationship with practice. The technology of creative workshops is based on the method of critical thinking. The child does not just “accept” the information communicated to him by the mentor, but checks it by solving independent creative tasks. Important are pluralism of opinions, approaches, respectful attitude to opinion, a variant of the other, etc .; inside each assignment, students are free to choose ways of doing it; The mission of the master teacher is to unblock the child’s abilities, to create conditions for the disclosure and realization of his creative potential. Technology "Creative Workshop" in elementary school is aimed at the formation of universal learning skills in children. The teacher instills in his pupils a love of learning, helps them build individual educational trajectories.
Definition
The workshop is one of the main developmental, educational, and educational forms of work in a modern school. There are several definitions of this technique. For example, V. M. Monakhov considered it a thoroughly thought-out model of pedagogical joint activity in organizing, designing, conducting the educational process with the creation of comfortable conditions for each child. Based on the technology of creative workshops, the teacher conducts unusual classes that force children to analyze and explain the experiments they saw.
Technology principles
In the technology of creative workshops, the teacher uses certain principles:
- treats the child as an equal interlocutor;
- not only informs him of certain knowledge as an undeniable truth, but directs him to an independent experiment by critical attitude to the information received;
- independent analysis of creative tasks and exercises;
- pluralism of approaches, opinions, respect for the opinions of classmates, teachers;
- teamwork;
- manifestation of leadership skills;
- critical thinking.
The technology of creative workshops allows each child to perform certain tasks using their own abilities, interests, and personal experience. Currently, there are no exact methods according to which the teacher would create such workshops. That is why every creative teacher has his own point of view regarding how it can be used.
Pages of history
How did the pedagogical technology “Creative Workshop” appear? In the twenties of the last century, the scientific and pedagogical community was eager to get rid of everything that prevented a person from being happy and free. It was at this time that the personality became the focus of public attention. Psychologists, doctors, teachers actively studied the characteristics of the child’s personality, tried to find effective ways of its development.
In France during this period, the “French group of new education” appeared, which included eminent teachers, psychologists of the time: Piaget, Wallon, Langevin. What did pedagogical technologies represent at that time? The French creative workshop was trying to contrast the conservatism of the classical school system with intensive new teaching methods and translate them into real practice.
In their manifesto, this group of like-minded people wrote about what their main goal was - the education of a critically thinking and free personality.
Their article on creative workshop technology has become a handbook for those who supported the ideas of French enlightenment. Speaking for updating the content of education, GFEN representatives did not completely reject the ideas of teachers who worked under the classical system. Fans of this movement claimed that they consider the ideas of the ingenious representatives of mankind as the basis for their philosophy: Pestalozzi, Decroles, Russo, Korchak, Makarenko, Piaget, Buttelheim, Bakle.
The founders of GFEN did not accept the traditional components of the educational process. They allowed the child to listen not to the teacher, but to his classmate, to put forward any hypotheses, to look for ways to uphold them.
They proposed the thesis that knowledge is the creation and search for confrontation with the skills acquired earlier, with a critical assessment of the information that has already been accepted.
GFEN educators insisted that every child has natural inclinations for creative activity. At the end of the last century, a group of 350 French teachers was created in Marseille, as well as representatives of other European countries who created the provisions of the new technology - workshops.
Main content
The technology of creative workshops in physics, chemistry, and biology classes is a challenge to the traditional educational system. The student is in an active position, he builds his knowledge, reveals the inner potential. Thanks to this approach, a personality with an updated mentality is formed. The child develops as a responsible, creative, independent person.
The technology of a creative workshop in a preschool educational institution is appropriate, because it is in the preschool period that it is important to pay attention to each child. The slogan “Everyone is capable”, put forward by the founders of this pedagogical technology, allows for early diagnosis of giftedness, creating optimal conditions for talented children for the development and formation of their personality.
What is the Creative Workshop Technology? Grade 2 - age, when the guys begin to listen to their peers, try to establish relationships with them. The teacher offers work in small groups, which allows children to gain teamwork skills. They are independently looking for a way to solve the task assigned to them by the teacher, that is, they create their own "creative workshop".
After the introduction of new educational standards in Russian schools, the technology of creative workshops in the lessons of English, literature, history, and social science was in demand.
Technology Lessons in Elementary School
The methodology proposed by T.N. Prosnyakova deserves special attention. The Creative Workshop technology in Grade 4 involves work under the program of N. A. Tsirulik. Its essence is in introducing children to a variety of works of applied and decorative art, developing the intellectual and creative potential of the younger generation.
Since each student is a unique individual with his own emotional and psychophysical characteristics, he needs to provide maximum opportunities for self-realization.
When mastering various technological methods, studying materials, children get the opportunity to learn and improve their abilities and capabilities.
What is the aim of the Creative Workshop technology in grade 4? The purpose of the methodology is to reveal the creative potential of the child using the means of artwork.
Its task is to improve the fine motor skills of hands in the development of various technological methods, as well as the development of design abilities, the formation of logical thinking, artistic taste, imagination, and the expansion of ways of knowing the surrounding reality. In the framework of this technology, the formation of a child’s culture in various manifestations takes place.
The program of the 3-4th grade involves several sections, each of which has a certain group of materials: cardboard and paper, plasticine, textile materials, combined work from different elements.
The activity of primary schoolchildren with each type of material is carried out according to a spiral-concentric principle. Children on the basis of skills and abilities, formed earlier, expand and deepen their capabilities. Thanks to the solution of the substantive task of each line, the child gets the opportunity to fully understand the role, significance, place, application of the material in the surrounding reality.
The system of ideas about the material used in this technique includes:
- historical background;
- artistic and applied traditions in working with material;
- instruments;
- methods and types of obtaining material;
- changes in qualities and properties during processing;
- combination with other materials.
Since labor training is an integral part of the complex of educational disciplines, it helps to improve the quality of work of students in other school lessons. You can not ignore the feedback. For example, technology intersects with mathematics, since the guys use geometric shapes in their labors, use a square, a ruler, a pair of compasses, and carry out calculations.
From lessons around the world, children transfer images of flora and fauna to technology. Knowledge of economics helps students distribute responsibilities, get acquainted with different professions, and advertise products made by themselves.
Great help in achieving the tasks set for the course is provided by correctly assigned work with the textbook. The material in it is grouped in full accordance with the curriculum. Consideration of a separate topic involves different stages of solving a creative and artistic task.
The first stage is aimed at the formation of observation skills in children. Children learn to analyze photographs of crafts, to determine the material from which they were made. Then the student thinks through the main stages of his activity, the sequence of actions, developing independence. Artistic taste and technical prowess are developed by combining an artistic image and technology. The student receives the skills of project activities, moves from the source material to the creation of the finished work. The teacher uses individual and collective ways of working within the framework of creative workshops, organizes contests, exhibitions, fairs, shows, turning ordinary labor lessons into art studios.
To summarize
The application of creative workshops technology allows the teacher to choose intensive methods of development and training. The teacher not only communicates knowledge as an undeniable truth, but creates the conditions under which the child builds his own educational space.
The teacher is not an authoritarian mentor, he is a talented sculptor who respects students.
The technology that appeared in European pedagogy at the end of the last century has a serious psychological foundation. Pupils learn to independently acquire knowledge, formulate their position, justify the chosen point of view.
As part of the workshops, teachers have a question about skills, knowledge, and skills. The essence of technology is that the goal and objectives of the activity in the lesson are formulated by children, not the teacher. By joint efforts, participants in the educational process put forward a hypothesis in a specific lesson, and at the end of the lesson draw a conclusion about its effectiveness. Such innovative pedagogical technology does not imply the traditional transfer of a significant amount of knowledge from a teacher to schoolchildren. Russian psychologists, in particular, N.F. Talyzina, are convinced that knowledge cannot be acquired if they do not imply active actions on the part of the student. The quality of mastering ZUN depends on the variety of activities chosen by the teacher for his students during the lesson.
Activities related to the implementation of tasks within the workshop, involves the concentration of cognitive forces, thinking, memory, imagination. The peculiarity of this technology is that the guys are offered a voluminous formulation, in which there is a lot of uncertainty and understatement. It is this approach that involves the creative search for the right solution by the students themselves. The guys not only determine the goal of the activity, they build an algorithm of actions, select the theoretical basis for achieving the task.
Conclusion
Serious changes are taking place in the modern educational system of our country, aimed at increasing the independence of schoolchildren. To fulfill the social order placed before educational institutions by society and the state, it is necessary to introduce innovative pedagogical technologies into the educational and educational process .
Among them, the technology of creative workshops is of interest. This method is fully consistent with modern ideas of psychologists and educators about the formation of competence among school graduates. The main task of the teacher is to help the child in revealing his intellectual, creative abilities, capabilities.
In the course of workshops organized in different subject areas, the younger generation is mastering intellectual and spiritual self-development, emotional self-regulation, that is, the development of elements of personal growth competency. At the same time, the child develops a culture of behavior, which allows him to easily adapt in modern society.
The technology owes its name to the fact that it assumes the existence of a master. He only creates the algorithm of actions due to which the creative process takes place. In it, the teacher performs the function of a mentor, and the student himself goes through all the main stages. Among the methods that are optimally suited for this innovative pedagogical technology, we note group, pair, individual activity. The technology of the workshops does not imply the communication and development of scientific information, but the transfer of methods of work.
Each stage of the training lesson guides the independent cognitive activity of schoolchildren. They can choose their own ways to study the question that was posed at the beginning of the lesson. The personal approach, which is widely used today in domestic education, is closely related to the technology of workshops.
Each student has the opportunity to choose the best working methods for himself, coordinate them with his mentor, choose an algorithm for achieving universal educational achievements. A creative workshop is an ideal way to discover and develop the intellectual, creative abilities of schoolchildren.