The historical appearance of schools was facilitated by the desire of people to explore the world and expand their knowledge. Therefore, man strove to communicate with the sages and longed to learn from them.
History of the modern school
The first schools appeared in Rome and Greece. Wealthy families sent their children to famous philosophers for knowledge. However, at first the training was just a form of communication: the philosopher held individual conversations with his student, walking along the streets. Later, the sages began to travel around the cities and educate the common population. Here the need arose to unite those wishing to listen to the lectures of the sages in one general group. At first, the schools held only oral lessons: a conversation on various topics relating to the state, spirituality. And only in 300 years of our era in schools began to teach writing.
Thus, the appearance of the first schools. At the same time, training in them took place not in the premises, but in the squares, which they began to call gymnasiums.
School development stages
Four main stages of school formation can be distinguished:
- Antique.
- Medieval.
- 17th century, European schools.
- Modern.
In the ancient period, the main attention was paid to the study of philosophy and religion.
In medieval - in-depth study of religion. Schools were organized at monasteries, and they also studied the Latin language in which services were held. We began to learn the basics of writing and reading.
Finishing school at the monastery, the child could become an assistant priest. There were secondary schools in which only the children of wealthy parents attended. They taught grammar, logic, geometry, arithmetic, astronomy, geography, music.
In the medieval period, corporal punishment was often used.
Starting from the 17th century, schools for girls began to open in Europe, where they taught the basics of etiquette, taught dance, needlework, and paid attention to the study of literature.
20th century school
Schools began to appear in large numbers in the 20th century. Primary education becomes compulsory, and later secondary. The educational process is placed in a more stringent framework. If in the Ancient World and the Middle Ages the learning process took place mainly individually and variably, did not have a mandatory time frame, then in schools of the 20th century there is a clear fixing of the time allotted for training.
Spacious rooms appear - schools equipped with a large number of desks, where classes are held:
- Lessons begin and end on a call.
- A school uniform is introduced, the same for all.
- Briefcases appear.
- The same office is used.
Grading at school
The knowledge of students is assessed by the final result: control and independent work, exam, answer in the lesson. During training, the teacher stimulates and motivates the process of obtaining knowledge. The child should be interested, while being able to bear responsibility for their mistakes. The resulting assessment is used not only to control knowledge, but also is encouraging or punishing.
A mandatory criterion that modern schools fulfill is raising a child. Without education, it is impossible to get a fully developed personality.
The school instills discipline and perseverance, seeks to develop the child's independence, independence, ability to substantiate his opinion with facts.
School functions in society
The main function of the school is to provide knowledge and, as a result, education to students.
However, modern schools not only provide knowledge, but also help children adapt in society, learn to solve conflict situations, behave correctly in a team, and build friendly relations.
While studying at school, the child prepares for adulthood. Such qualities as honesty, patriotism, responsibility are formed and consolidated in him.
Types of modern schools
There are such models of modern schools:
1. Traditional school.
The training is based on a clear work plan, on the basis of which the distribution of hours for the study of all disciplines takes place. Specific training material is considered a certain number of hours. The plan indicates the number of tests and the time to summarize.
The principle of teaching - the teacher transfers ready-made knowledge to students.
2. Specialized school.
In such schools, there is an in-depth training of one or more subjects. This is usually done by devoting more hours to these lessons.
3. School-gymnasium, lyceum.
The educational process is based on the principles of pre-revolutionary education at the academic level. In most cases, the curriculum of such schools is supplemented by the study of the humanities, such as ethics, aesthetics, logic, philosophy, culture, foreign languages. Teachers of higher educational institutions may be invited to teach some subjects.
However, it is necessary to know that with the advent of new additional sciences, the number of hours for basic subjects does not decrease, which leads to a greater workload of the child and can affect his nervous system. Therefore, parents must consciously choose modern schools of this level and be sure that the child is psychologically ready for the load, especially this applies to primary school.
4. Innovation school.
School based on authoring. In training, specially developed or ordered techniques are used for them.
5. A school focused on one or more new education systems.
The training takes place according to one or several modern techniques. This, for example, Waldorf school, a school of development according to the methods of Montessori, Zaitsev and others.
Waldorf schools are based on philosophical teachings that the development of cognitive ability is the path to human excellence.
6. School of the developing type.
This type of school is more adapted to the lower grades. For example, in the lessons of mathematics and drawing, children, together with the teacher, sequentially study historical events that led to specific mathematical actions and an artistic image. This approach is aimed at developing the foundations of theoretical thinking and creative imagination.
7. Historical and cultural school.
These are schools that study in depth the humanities, while still being based on the concept of dialogue of cultures.
Unusual kindergarten
Modern schools should promote the development of a child’s creative abilities, non-standard thinking, openness to learning everything new and unusual. However, before school, the child attends a preschool institution, the direction of which should not contradict the future school.
There are interesting and non-standard modern schools and kindergartens in the world. For example, Japan believes that design and architecture influence the learning process. Therefore, in one of the cities they built a modern kindergarten, more precisely, a kindergarten in the form of a large oval building, which includes the entire territory of the institution: a room and a place for walking. 600 people study in this village. It is believed that the territory enclosed in an oval stimulates children, running in a circle, to explore the world. The architecture of the building allows children to play on the roof, run, develop their capabilities.
There are no walls in the training groups, children hear each other, this teaches them to abstract from noise and do their own thing. The basis of training here is the Montessori technique.
Children's village is an ideal environment for the development of personality, the openness of space allows you to feel the taste of freedom, to easily develop and strive to explore the world.
Transparent school
In Denmark, a school without walls and partitions was built. The building looks like one big class. Scientists have noted a high degree of creativity in the thinking of the students of this school, since the training here is non-standard. The lack of partitions forces teachers to find new teaching methods that are built on the latest technology.
When comparing the final school tests by specialists, it became known which modern schools of the world took first places. So, Singapore came in first place, Hong Kong came second, followed by South Korea. Education in Asian countries puts the figure of a school teacher in the first place, and education is applied in nature, that is, the knowledge gained should be useful and in demand in later life.
Modern school is the school of the future
The school of the future should organically combine the experience of the past and the advanced technologies of today.
The task of the school is to unleash the potential of each student, to educate a comprehensively developed personality, ready to live in a high-tech, competitive world.
Consider the requirements for a modern school:
- Decent material and technical base.
- Interactive learning.
- The practical application of knowledge.
- Identification and development of students' talents.
- Education should be consistent with the rapid development of society.
- Support for talented children.
- Teacher self-improvement: the desire for development, the ability to interest students, to involve them in the learning process.
- Promotion of healthy lifestyles.
- The presence of sports and creative circles.
- Formation of the correct principles of education.
- The external and internal appearance of the school should be neat.
- Beautifully arranged school grounds.
With the implementation of all tasks, problems of the modern school arise. To a large extent, they consist of a lack of logistics.
Conclusion
Since the 21st century is the century of information technology, for high-quality education, the school needs to have a good technical base: provision of high-quality computer equipment, multimedia boards, and other technological innovations.
Modern schools should release from their walls a well-educated, confident, independent person who is able to bear responsibility for their actions, who has unconventional thinking and a clear idea of their future. Yesterday's schoolchild should be able to go to the goal and achieve it.