The concept of “technology” was borrowed from the sphere of production processes, but in pedagogy it acquired special significance. Pedagogical technologies are:
- The process of achieving professional mastery by the teacher, indicating the methods, techniques and sequence of their use to obtain the optimal result in their activities. Professional-pedagogical technology can be used by novice teachers when strictly following the instructions of the developer, but often undergoes modifications due to the personal characteristics of the performer.
- A set of methods and means of organizing the pedagogical process, built on a specific algorithm in order to obtain the expected result. The algorithm is the main feature of the technology, and methods and means can undergo changes in the practice of the teacher. The expected result can be achieved or even exceed the planned one, which depends on the personality of the teacher and on the categories of children with whom the pedagogical technology is implemented.
Classification of pedagogical technologies by types of activities of the teacher and students:
- Communication technology. They include techniques for organizing the interaction between a child and an adult in order to create the necessary conditions for the development of individuality and personality of students.
- Educational technologies for the organization of cognitive activity, containing effective methods of motivating educational activities, the use of development mechanisms and stimulation of cognitive abilities.
- Technologies for diagnostic and prognostic activity, based on the development of the analytical abilities of teachers, the ability to use diagnostic methods for planning and forecasting pedagogical work.
- Pedagogical technologies of innovative activity aimed at developing new programs, new approaches in education, creating conditions for pedagogical creativity.
- Technologies for organizing educational activities that help each child maximize the personal potential in the development process.
Types of educational technologies in structure:
- Process technology, which consistently reflects the pedagogical plan for implementing the goal. The whole process is divided into stages, which are successively implemented in the activities of the teacher. Each stage has a time frame, which allows you to outline the time to achieve the expected result.
- Formative technology, where all stages, conditions or techniques are used outside of a strict time sequence.
- Developing educational technologies that are part of a large process and do not have an end result. For example, in a preschool, literacy occurs within the framework of teaching children sounds, and correct writing is only available in elementary school.
Pedagogical technologies according to the degree of coverage of the structures of the pedagogical system can be divided into metatechnology, macrotechnology, mesotechnology and microstructure. Metate technologies can embrace the entire education system by transformation, while the technology for organizing a lesson or a workshop in a separate school refers to microtechnological developments. The technologies of a particular branch of education relate to macro-technologies, and those that are aimed at transforming a school or a separate educational level (primary, secondary) of a school belong to mesotechnologies.
Pedagogical technologies allow the teacher’s activities to be more organized and predictable, to obtain high results in the process of teaching children of various levels of development.