The human body is very fragile, and it lends itself to almost any mechanical stress. To inflict a wound or any other mutilation is easy. The same can be said of animals. For example, you can cut yourself very simply - with one awkward movement of the hand, but the wound will take a long time to heal. In several stages. The topic is very detailed, therefore it is necessary to tell about it and with special attention touch upon the types of wound healing.
Definition
Start with terminology. A wound is a mechanical damage to the integrity of the skin, mucous membranes, internal organs and deep tissue. Speaking in medical language, the clinic of this type of mutilation is determined by local and general symptoms. The first of these includes pain, bleeding, and gaping. Common symptoms include infection, shock, and acute anemia. They are expressed in varying degrees - it all depends on the general condition of the person and the reactivity of the body.
So, the sharper the tool that cut the tissue, the more the wound will bleed. However, it is worth knowing about one nuance. Bleeding is far from always external. Often it is internal. That is, blood flows in the cavity and in the tissue. Because of this, common hematomas form.
Pain, in turn, can be to varying degrees of intense. Its strength depends on how much damage to the receptors and nerve trunks. And also from the speed of wounding. And how pain is pronounced depends on the affected area. The face, hands, crotch and genitals are the most sensitive places on the human body.
In principle, this general information is sufficient to penetrate the meaning of the topic. Now we can talk about the types of wound healing and the classification of injuries.
Classification
If we talk about the nature of tissue damage, we can distinguish gunshot, chipped, chopped, chopped, bruised, crushed, lacerated, bitten, poisoned, mixed wounds, as well as abrasions and scratches. Each of them has its own characteristics. And it depends on them what first aid will be for injuries. Types of wound healing also differ depending on the type of injury.
Gunshot wounds and stitches, for example, barely bleed. It’s also difficult to determine their direction and depth by eye. A special form of puncture wounds is those that have arisen as a result of a blow with a hairpin, spear, the tip of an umbrella or a sharpened stick. Cut and chopped wounds are characterized by profuse bleeding and superficial defects. From bites subsequently often appears pus. Abrasions, although painful, heal most quickly.
In general, the classification is very detailed, all types are long to list. But another nuance is worth noting. The fact is that wounds are divided into belated and fresh. The first include those with whom a person went to the doctor a day after receiving the injury. These are more difficult to cure, since the infection and other microorganisms have already managed to penetrate inside. A fresh wound is considered within the next 24 hours after application. The consequences of it are easier to prevent.
Specific tissue repair
Healing is a complex regenerative process that reflects the physiological as well as biological response to the resulting injury. It is important to know that tissues differ in their various ability to repair. The higher their differentiation (i.e., the slower the formation of new cells), the longer they will regenerate. It is well known that central nervous system cells are most difficult to repair. But in the tendons, bones, smooth muscles and epithelium, this process occurs rather quickly.
Speaking about the types of wound healing, it must be said that they are healed faster if the nerves and large blood vessels remain intact. The process will last for a long time when foreign bodies and virulent microorganisms (infection) get into them. Wounds in people suffering from chronic inflammatory diseases, diabetes mellitus, and heart and kidney failure are still not healing well.
Primary healing
It is necessary to tell about it first of all. After all, types of wound healing begin with primary. Next is the secondary. The last view is healing under a scab.
Initially, the wound is healed when its edges are smooth, touch as closely as possible and are viable. Healing will be successful if hemorrhages and cavities are not formed inside, and also there are no foreign bodies. Therefore, it is important to wash the wound. It also helps to neutralize infections.
This type of healing is observed after aseptic operations and full surgical treatment of the injury. This stage passes quickly - in about 5-8 days.
Secondary healing
It can be observed when there is no one of the conditions for the primary. For example, if the edges of the fabric are not viable. Or do not adjoin each other closely. Secondary healing may contribute to cachexia (depletion of the body) and a lack of essential substances in the body. And this type of tissue repair is accompanied by suppuration and the occurrence of granulations. What it is? Granulation refers to such newly formed glomeruli of blood vessels. In fact, this is familiar to every person since childhood, because each of us fell and tore his knees apart. Everyone remembers that the wounds were then healed with a crust. This is granulation tissue.
In general, the types of wound healing and their characteristics are a very interesting topic. Not everyone knows that the process of tissue repair occurs in three stages. First, the inflammatory phase of healing takes place (about 7 days), then the granulation phase (7-28 days). The last step is epithelization. That is, the wound is covered with new, lively skin.
What do you need to know?
In the process of tissue repair, there are different types of wound healing. In addition to the inflammatory phase, they all last quite a long time. Although it depends on the depth of damage. But the longest stage is the formation of the epithelium. It can last about a year.
The most important phase is the notorious granulation. It is she who contributes to the normal healing of the wound. Granulation tissue protects others deeper, preventing the penetration of infection. If it is damaged, bleeding will begin. And the healing process will begin anew. Therefore, it is very important not to touch the injury and protect it from direct contact with clothing and, in general, with any other objects / things.
Interestingly, the types of wound healing in animals do not differ from us. But their process is more difficult. Animals try to heal their wounds themselves - they constantly lick, which can do harm. That is why cats are put on a bandage or cone after sterilization - they cannot reach the wound and lick it to an even worse state.
Scab healing and treatment
This is the last type of tissue repair. Healing under the scab occurs if the damage is minor. When a person has an abrasion, for example, or abrasion. Just for some time after the formation of the injury, a dense crust appears (that same scab), and a new epidermis quickly forms under it. The scab then falls away.
Naturally, all wounds must be treated. And how to do this, the doctor explains. Self-medication will not help, especially in the case of open wounds. Since in this situation it is necessary to act in stages. The first phase of treatment is the treatment with medical solutions that neutralize the infection. The second is the prevention of inflammation and swelling. For this, tablets, sprays, ointments and gels can be prescribed.
Cream "ARGOSULFAN ® " promotes the healing of abrasions and small wounds. The combination of the antibacterial component of silver sulfathiazole and silver ions helps to provide a wide range of antibacterial action of the cream. You can apply the drug not only to wounds located in open areas of the body, but also under dressings. The tool has not only a wound healing, but also an antimicrobial effect, and in addition, promotes wound healing without a rough scar 1 .
At the third stage, a person should, following medical recommendations, care for granulation tissue, contributing to its transformation into connective tissue.
Scars
Medical classification is known for more than one type of scar. When the wound is healed by primary intention, any scar can actually form. It all depends not on how the tissues are tightened. The type of scar is determined by the prerequisites for the appearance of the wound itself. Let's say a surgery. The man suffered it, and the incision made with a scalpel was sewn up. This is the primary healing, since the tissues are in close contact, there are no infections. But it will still be called a surgical scar.
Another situation. A man sliced tomatoes with a sharp knife and accidentally hit a finger with a blade. A household accident, one might say. And the type of healing is still the same, primary. However, this will be called an accidental scar.
There are also keloid, normotrophic, atrophic and hypertrophic scars. However, they are not related to the topic. Just know about these types of scars.
Causes of Wound Healing Disorders
In the end, it’s worth saying a few words about why sometimes tissues recover so slowly. The first reason is the man himself. But violations appear without his participation. You should consult a doctor if the color of the skin has changed , pus has formed, or the severity of the wound has increased. This is not normal, infection is possible. By the way, so that it does not appear, it is important to constantly wash the wound.
But if the wound is serious and some violations are observed, you need to see a doctor, and not self-medicate.