Uterine fibromyoma is a benign tumor that is localized in the myometrium. The single cause of this disease has not yet been established. Studies have shown that one of these causes can be hormonal dysfunction (diseases of the thyroid gland, adrenal glands and ovaries). An important role in the development of the disease is played by the hereditary factor, as well as chronic inflammation of the genital organs and transferred abortion. In women who postpone pregnancy to a later age, this pathology is recorded more often. Therefore, many experts call this disease a "disease of female careerism."
Nodular fibroids of the uterus are characterized by the formation of nodes in the myometrium, which over time grow in different directions. As a rule, multiple neoplasms are recorded, less often - submucous (growth of nodes inside the uterus) and subserous (with growth of nodes out). Sometimes there are cases when myopathic nodes also affect the cervix.
Uterine Fibromyoma: Symptoms
Symptoms of fibromyoma can manifest themselves in different ways. First of all, this is due to the growth and size of the tumor, its localization and other factors. Very often, signs of the disease appear in the form of pain in the lower abdomen, lower back and pelvis, frequent urination and constipation, heavy bleeding during the menstrual period. All this can cause infertility and miscarriage. Uterine fibroids can grow to the size of a soccer ball. Many patients complain of heavy and long periods. Very often, the submucous form of fibromyoma is accompanied by bleeding that is not associated with menstruation. According to statistics, about 2% of fibroids degenerate into sarcomas (malignant tumors).
Uterine Fibromyoma: Treatment
Conservative and surgical methods can be used to treat this disease. The treatment of fibromyoma, like any disease, is best begun at the first stages of development, until the tumor has reached critical sizes and does not threaten the vital functions of organs located in the small pelvis. A conservative treatment using hormone therapy is aimed at preventing the development and growth of the tumor, as well as reducing its size and stopping the main signs of the disease. Conservative therapy can be used with small sizes of uterine fibroids (up to 12-14 weeks), if the tumor develops with mild signs of the disease and without bleeding. Good results are obtained with the appointment of the intrauterine hormonal system Mirena. An important factor in the treatment of uterine fibroids is pathogenetic and symptomatic therapy using vitamins, sedatives and herbal remedies. Uterine fibromyoma is a fairly common disease, especially in women after thirty-five years. Nevertheless, it must be said that in our country, a more effective method of combating this disease is hysterectomy, that is, surgical intervention with the removal of the entire organ (uterus). Statistics show that most of these operations are carried out in connection with myoma. In modern medicine, there is a non-surgical minimally invasive treatment of benign uterine tumors. Doctors say that the removal of fibromyoma must be carried out in the case when non-surgical treatment is ineffective, as well as in the case of progression of tumor growth, which can be transformed from benign to malignant. In recent years, in many highly developed countries, embolization of the uterine arteries has been used to treat fibromyoma. In CIS countries this method is still little known. Nevertheless, the number of medical institutions that use this method of treatment is steadily increasing every year. Uterine embolization is a modern alternative to traumatic hysterectomy, which is increasingly gaining the trust of patients.
Prevention of fibromyoma is the use of modern contraceptives. In case of hormonal disorders, it is necessary to carry out timely correction, regularly undergo examination by a gynecologist.