Sport - is life. This motto has every sports organization or community. Thanks to sports, we develop both the physical and the spiritual component. For some, sport is a means of earning and the meaning of life, for others - a hobby or a means of entertainment.
Recently, basic sports have been given great preference all over the world and Russia in particular. Some babies begin to take the first steps into a dynamic sphere of activity at the age of four, and sometimes even at three. For adults, starting a professional sports career is much more difficult, but there are also nuggets here. It’s not necessary to train for fame, you can do this for other goals. For example, many people begin to exercise due to problems with excess weight, and some to deal with various kinds of diseases.
This article will examine the basic sports that are part of the Olympic Games, all kinds of competitions and tournaments. And also consider those that are approved by the Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation and are included in various organizations, up to schools and preparatory institutions.
Basic sports in Russia vary depending on the area, but their full totality is concluded in two regions of our country - these are in the Moscow and Leningrad regions. Let's start with the concept and terminology.
The concept
In short, the basic sports are those that are included in the competition at the Olympic and Paralympic Games. Also, other sports developed in the Russian Federation on its territory, taking into account prevailing factors and historical traditions. Each subject of the Russian Federation is obliged to prepare a team for one or another basic sport and make a list in the starting protocol.
In this terminology there is no such thing as "mass". The main principle is quality. In the end, the athletes pass the qualification, with the help of which the best remain - those who will continue to play on the international stage.
Sports groups
Basic Olympic sports in Russia are usually divided into five general groups. In turn, they represent a separation from high-intensity physical activity to low-cost in terms of energy.
We list these five groups in order:
- Under the first group are sports that represent the use of high intensity. This includes most species. The final result depends directly on the physical capabilities of the body.
- The second group will mark those involved in sports, sitting in the saddle or on the seat of a Formula 1 fast car, for example. That is, these are sports that require high skills in driving.
- The final result is not so much the athlete’s action as its final result - this definition is typical for the third group of basic sports in Russia. These include items of model design activity.
- The fourth group includes shooting sports. Such as trap shooting, shooting from an air rifle, bow, pistol, etc.
- And finally, in the last column are abstract views. It is not difficult to guess that it is not the one who is stronger physically who wins, but the one who is mentally superior to his counterpart.
Let's move on to the list of basic sports.
The main sports that are part of the basic
As stated at the beginning of the article, two regions of the Russian Federation are taken as a basis. In order not to repeat itself, it was decided to combine the basic sports in the Moscow region and Leningrad. Below is a list of all types:
- basketball;
- Athletics;
- tennis;
- swimming;
- cycling highway;
- taekwondo;
- gymnastics;
- gymnastics;
- figure skating;
- freestyle;
- field hockey;
- Weightlifting;
- fencing;
- triathlon;
- Ski jumping;
- ski race;
- biathlon;
- badminton;
- cycling-BMX;
- mountain bike cycling;
- cycling track;
- rowing;
- water polo;
- golf;
- judo;
- Horseback Riding;
- diving;
- synchronized swimming;
- wrestling;
- kayaking and canoeing;
- rowing slalom;
- modern pentathlon;
- trampolining;
- curling;
- skating;
- bobsleigh;
- skiing;
- tobogganing;
- snowboard;
- boxing;
- handball;
- Greco-Roman wrestling;
- rugby.
Rules and documentation of basic sports, includes a section of Paralympic sports. Such as:
- archery;
- Athletics;
- cycling;
- dressage on horses;
- fencing;
- judo;
- Weightlifting;
- shooting;
- football;
- swimming;
- table tennis;
- tennis for wheelchairs;
- basketball for wheelchairs;
- wheelchair rugby;
- volleyball;
- ski cross;
- ice hockey, ball;
- football.
Recently, the Paralympic movement has gained enormous support and is developing rapidly in Russia. So, in recent years, our compatriots won about 500 medals of the highest standard at the summer and winter games.
By the way, people with disabilities perform better than healthy athletes. The development of basic sports for the disabled is proceeding rapidly.
But do not belittle the dignity of our healthy athletes. Despite the doping scandals and the hype that occurs almost every day around the Russian team, the guys are achieving very great success. Potentially, there could be much more victories if officials from sports organizations were supportive of people defending the honor and dignity of their homeland and national flag.
It is time to move on to the sports that are most popular among all, both in Russia and abroad. And a little discussion of the rules of the competition of basic and new sports.
Football
Of course, football is a game that is considered the most popular in the whole world. It is so inherent that when a child leaves his parents with the parents in the yard and is given the ball, the first thing he kicks him with. Say that genetically embedded in us a tendency to this game is possible, but not necessary.
Of particular interest is the forthcoming World Cup, which will be held in our country. The strongest teams from around the world will come. A huge number of fans will visit Russia.
Despite the fact that football in Russia occupies a huge base, domestic football players cannot reach the world level and rarely indulge us with victories. But this sport is developing by leaps and bounds. Every year, the construction of football fields takes place in schools, in the yards or just in the city.
Talking about the rules of the ball game will be pointless, so we just wish good luck to our guys at the upcoming World Cup.
Hockey
Hockey is chasing football on this list. The thing is that the Russian team since the times of the USSR has been famous for its strong base in this sport. Starting with the hockey super series against the Canadians, ours have shown power and spirit, which no team against the ancestors of the club and puck could demonstrate. Be sure to mention the last Olympic Games, when our athletes won gold medals.
To become a professional hockey player, you need to spend a lot of time and effort on preparation. Despite the good individual qualities, hockey is a team game. The united actions of the team - this is the fundamental essence of victory.
As you know, in the West there is a National Hockey League (abbreviated as NHL). But also in the CIS, due to the high popularity and growing interest in hockey, an alternative was created in the person of the Continental Hockey League (abbreviated KHL).
Undoubtedly, hockey was and will continue to develop in the future, so we will wait for new victories from the Russian squad.
Basketball
Basketball is quite a bit inferior to playing with the puck. The ancestors of this game are Americans. To challenge the title of the strongest with them is, of course, not a thankful task, but the level of Russian basketball is growing. There are two varieties of this species:
- The game for the entire court (i.e., two rings) is basketball.
- Half game is streetball.
The game involves two teams of five people. The goal is to throw the ball into the opponent’s basket. For each hit, the team is awarded two points, if the player scored a goal from the three-point zone, then three points.
In women's and men's basketball, the rules are the same. But the game is completely different from those of others.
Russian club teams are considered regulars in European tournaments. On the international scene, not everything is so smooth, but there are grandiose successes of domestic athletes.
Volleyball
It is not difficult to notice that practically many volleyball players and basketball players have high growth and weight indicators. All this is due to the fact that with each jump the spine is stretched and thereby lengthened, due to which growth occurs.
This sport has hundreds, if not thousands, of fans around the world. To start doing it, you don’t need special equipment, like in hockey or football, just have a special ball and a net through which the game will go. Volleyball can be started at any age, but, like in many forms, it is recommended to start in childhood. It is in the adolescent period that the body and all its components grow intensely; accordingly, volleyball only contributes to this and to some extent enhances the effect.
Our team is one of the strongest on the planet (both male and female). In addition to Russia, the dominant teams are the USA, Brazil, Japan and China.
Athletics
Athletics is a basic sport that includes many subspecies. Without noticing it, every day people are engaged in aerobic exercises, namely walking, which is included in that huge list of subtypes of athletics.
They are engaged in it for the purpose of healing, losing weight, for pleasure and professionally. This species is very healthy. In addition to improving the circulatory system, it has a good effect on metabolism.
Imagine a list of subspecies that are included in the general concept of athletics:
- cross-country (sprint, medium and long distances);
- cross-country with barriers;
- marathons
- running with obstacles;
- relay races;
- long jump;
- triple jump;
- high jump;
- pole vaulting;
- javelin-throwing;
- hammer throwing;
- discus throw;
- shot put;
- walking (for 20 and 50 km);
- all-around;
- pentathlon;
- heptathlon;
- decathlon.
Ski race
So we touched on the main form of winter sports - skiing. It so happened that Russia is located in the northern latitudes, and winter spends most of its time on its vast territory. For some, these are flaws, and for skiers and for those who are interested in this sport, it is the biggest success.
From year to year, athletes from Russia take a leading position and wage a fierce battle against the kings of this sport - the Norwegian team.
Many of our compatriots love to go to the forest and ski for their pleasure. This kind of physical activity is very beneficial for the body. In summer, Nordic walking is also popular. This is an analogue of skiing, only the main attribute is completely absent here. All the load falls on the legs and shoulder girdle, but at the same time the person does not roll, but walks.
Figure skating
Peter I is the man who first brought skates to Russia from his trip to European countries. Since 1865, the first ice rinks appeared, and it is from this year that the appearance of figure skating as a separate sport is dated.
Currently, more awards in the Russian piggy bank bring figure skaters. So, at the last Olympic Games, Alina Zagitova and Evgeny Medvedev won first and second places, respectively. The golden period in men's skating is closely related to the name of the famous Evgeni Plushenko.
Figure skating requires a lot of effort and special training.
Boxing
Boxing has recently become popular in our country. He develops reaction and willpower. Both women and men are involved in boxing.
There are two types of boxing:
- Professional.
- Amateur.
Professional boxing differs from amateur boxing in that it is carried out without a protective helmet and in gloves other than amateur ones. The weight of boxing gloves in the professional ring depends on the weight category of the fighter, while at the amateur level they are the same for everyone.
Tennis
At this stage, tennis is as popular around the world as football. Most recently, he entered the program of the Olympic Games, after which he received the status of the base species in Russia.
Among the Russian tennis players, one can single out the successes of Maria Sharapova, Marat Safin and his sister Dinara Safina, who completed their careers, Nikolai Davydenko and Anna Chakvetadze.
Tennis is not a cheap pleasure. At the beginning of a career, big expenses go on trips, team maintenance, equipment. If a tennis player lives up to expectations and goes global, then he signs contracts with sports companies, and his investments pay off very quickly.
Chess
The only sport on this list that does not require physical effort. What is important here is not developed muscle and not running speed; here you will need brains. The ability to see and read the opponent’s future actions is one of the most important in this sport.
The whole problem is that in Russia, as well as around the world, not many people consider chess a sport. In addition, chess is not included in the Olympic program. Can this sport be considered basic? The answer is mixed.
The approval procedure for basic sports includes several important characteristics:
- The list of sports included in the base ones contains the names of federal districts and constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
- The list of basic sports includes those that are included in the program of the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games. As well as those that are developing rapidly in the territory of the Russian Federation.
- The list is approved for a period of four years.
- The theory and methodology of teaching basic sports are approved by order of the Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation.
Sport is very important for a person, it raises vitality, improves processes in the body. It is not necessary to play sports professionally, it is enough to maintain yourself in optimal shape.