Article 159 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation is a guarantee basis for the rights of workers in the system of labor standards. First of all, it guarantees full state assistance to the creation of a system organization for labor standards. The labor standards established by the relevant state bodies are a guaranteed minimum, which the employer has no right to lower.
Workers also have guarantees that labor standards will be determined by the employer only with the established collective agreement or with the appropriate support of trade union bodies. It follows from this that the representatives of the collective have every right to independently participate in the development of normative acts regarding labor standards at the enterprise. They can also file a lawsuit to create unlawful acts with the justice authorities without obtaining a power of attorney from an employee whose rights have been violated.
There are several types of labor standards:
- the rate of production. This indicator determines the amount of products that the worker produces in a specified period of time while ensuring normal working conditions;
- the norm of time. This indicator determines the amount of time required for an employee to produce one unit of output;
- service standards. They indicate the service standard of the mechanisms provided, established for each employee;
- the standard number of employees. This indicator determines the number of workers needed to complete the work front provided at their production site;
- standardized production task. It is established solely using the norms of time and production, assuming a determination of the total amount of work that each worker is required to complete in a shift or day.
Labor standards also vary by scope and are divided into the following types:
- typical;
- single;
- industry;
- intersectoral;
- local.
A standard labor standard should be developed and approved in accordance with the procedure established by the government. It is developed exclusively by certain federal executive bodies, after which it passes to the Ministry of Labor for approval.
Standard norms are the minimum established by the state for each sector of the economy. The employer may deviate from the officially approved standards only in favor of the employee.
The local labor standards are adopted directly by the employer in accordance with the opinion of the representative body of the work collective. Plenipotentiaries have the right to demand the cancellation of existing local regulations in a judicial proceeding, if their opinion was not taken into account during their creation.
Clear and strict adherence to established labor standards is the direct responsibility of the employee. Moreover, the employer has every right to demand compliance with the prescribed standards. But all labor standards can be observed only if the employee is provided with normal conditions for a fruitful labor process. For this, the condition of structures, premises, machinery and equipment must be in good condition. Timely provision of technical documentation should also be ensured , and the materials and tools for performing the work must be of appropriate quality.
This list of conditions should determine the rules and norms of labor protection at the enterprise. In case of non-compliance with at least one point, the employee has the right to contact the competent authorities and demand the provision of the necessary conditions for normal fruitful work. If the employer does not ensure this, the employee may be relieved of the obligation to comply with the prescribed standards. At the same time, downtime should be paid according to the staff list, since the production stop was not due to his fault.
Labor protection standards are a fundamental document for the entire enterprise, therefore, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the established order.