In recent years, we are increasingly confronted with concepts such as combination and overlapping. The difference in these terms is not noticeable to most employees. In fact, the concepts are very different from each other by design features and wages. Those who are going to increase their income should know the difference between combination and combination.
Definition of concepts
The concept of “combining work” refers to those cases when an employee of an organization is involved in the performance of labor duties of several posts during a working day. At the same time, he also manages to work in his main position.
What is the difference between combination and combination? Part-time work involves regular performance of labor duties in non-core positions in free time. Part-time employment may be internal or external. The concepts of external and internal combination do not exist.
Internal and external combination
With internal part-time work, the employee performs duties in other positions at the same enterprise. This increases the working time. The search for such vacancies may drag on indefinitely.
With external part-time employee can get a job at another company. He can work only in his free time from his main job. The names of additional professions, as a rule, are very different from the main ones.
Features of the performance of work duties in combination
The part-time worker is obliged to perform fully the main and additional work. There may be two or more jobs. The part-time work schedule has its own characteristics. Working hours are recorded in the time sheet. If the work involves internal combining, an employee of the organization may be assigned an additional personnel number. Remuneration is made according to the contract.
The working time of the part-time worker should not exceed 50% of the norm of the main working time. That is, if a week provides a 40-hour load for key employees, then for part-time workers this figure will be no more than 20.
Employees of enterprises performing part-time work can be sent on business trips. With internal part-time work there are no problems with the organization of working time. But with an external employee, he can be sent on a business trip only when he is free from basic labor duties. If there is no opportunity to postpone the trip, employers conclude an agreement on the procedure for the employee to perform work.
The legislative framework
The main document by which the implementation of additional work is regulated is the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. Matters relating to multiple jobs are contained in Articles 60 (1) and 282–288 of the articles. Articles 60 (2), 151 govern the combination. The Labor Code of the Russian Federation, both in combination and in combination, requires the written consent of management and employees. This rule applies to internal combination and combination of any type. The procedures for hiring must be prescribed in the internal documents of the organization.
Clearance process
Enrollment in the state of the organization occurs by order. The order is signed by the director, agreed with the personnel department and the direct manager of the new employee.
What fundamentally differ in the registration process combination and part-time? The difference is that when working part-time with a new employee, a separate employment contract is concluded. It indicates the size of the salary, working hours, as well as the fact of combining. At the request of a new employee, you can make an entry in the labor book, which is located in the personnel department at the main place of work, about part-time employment.
If it is necessary to conclude a part-time employment contract, then when combining this, you do not need to. It is only required to provide the employee’s consent with the employee to carry out additional work in writing. An additional agreement is drawn up , which is filed to the main labor contract. No notes are made in the work book.
Salary
Surcharge for combination is regulated by an additional labor agreement. This information is also contained in the combination order. At the same time, the basic salary of an employee without all bonus and allowance payments is supplemented by an additional payment for combining an additional position. Often, the amount of payment is calculated as a percentage of the basic salary. If wages are piece-rate, then the size of payments is calculated depending on the volume of output. A part-time bonus may be paid for an additional position.
A part-time employment contract assumes that the new employee is no different from the others. Salary is calculated on the basis of hours actually worked. The payment procedure is similar to that applied to core employees. Bonuses and allowances may be accrued. However, the salary of such an employee is usually less because he works less. But if the payment is based on the work done, then it may be more than the main employees.
Part-time workers may be involved in overtime work. In labor legislation, the norm for overtime work is mentioned: no more than 4 hours in a two-day period. During the year, this time may not exceed 120 hours. Remuneration is based on article 152 of the Labor Code.
Vacation
What is the difference between combination and combination in the issue of vacation pay? Combination suggests that the employee performs additional labor duties without interruption from his main activity. Therefore, the amount of vacation pay is calculated based on the main and additional earnings. Vacation, both in the main and in the additional position, must coincide.
If we talk about part-time work, then the employee has equal rights with the main employees. A part-time agreement involves the calculation of vacation pay on an equal basis with all employees. For example, the main employee is given an annual 28-day vacation. The part-time worker is also entitled to paid leave of 28 calendar days. This rule applies to maternity and study leave. A part-time vacation should be granted to the employee, even if his schedule is built to the detriment of additional work. For example, if an employee goes on legal leave at the main place of work, but he has not yet been laid off for an additional place of work, the employer releases the part-time in advance. Often in the main place of work the number of vacation days is more than in the additional. Then at an additional place of work an additional vacation is drawn up for the difference of these days without saving a salary.
Taxation
When combining or part-time, income tax is paid in the general manner, both from the main and from additional wages. However, the amount of the tax deduction may be reduced if the employee has dependent children of minor age. You can take advantage of such a privilege either at the main or at the additional place of work. Payroll taxes are listed:
- To the pension fund;
- To the social insurance fund;
- To the health insurance fund.
Termination of employment
A part-time employment contract can be terminated both on a general basis and at the expiration of its validity, if we talk about an urgent agreement. By decision of the manager, the contract may be terminated unilaterally. This can happen if a new employee is enlisted in the staff, who will perform the duties of a part-time employee as primary. However, the part-time worker must be notified in writing of this decision 14 calendar days before the expected date of termination of the employment agreement.
If the work is performed under a combination agreement, the termination occurs on a common basis and, as a rule, after the expiration of its validity period. These works are temporary. An organization employee has the right to refuse to perform additional labor duties even before the expiration of the agreement. The employer himself can free the employee from additional work. In this case, the employee must be notified in writing of the termination of additional duties 3 calendar days before the termination of the agreement.
Combining and combining professions
External part-time workers have the right to work in at least two completely different professions. Also, part-time and combination of posts can be in the same or similar professions in terms of labor duties. These issues are not explicitly spelled out in labor law, since part-time workers perform their duties as agreed with management. The part-time worker is obliged to fully perform the work, both primary and secondary. It is important to note that usually the combination within the same organization can be in the same job categories. In some cases, managers allow combination in different positions and professions.
Combining and combining teaching staff and enterprise managers
The Russian labor legislation does not mention the imposition of clear restrictions on combining and part-time work for heads of enterprises and organizations.
For example, if the organization is small, the CEO can also do the work of an accountant or other full-time specialist. At the same time, the combination is formalized in accordance with the general rules. Payroll for the performance of duties for an additional position will be based on the work performed. The amount of time is not taken into account, since labor duties are performed as part of a normal working day. It is necessary to provide samples of signatures to the bank, both the head of the enterprise and the accountant. If one person combines these positions, then only one sample is required.
Teachers of educational institutions at various levels also have the right to combine posts. Combining and part-time teaching staff can take shape both in one or in several organizations at the same time. You can only perform work when taking into account the requirements established by labor legislation. A Labor Code teacher can work at least 16 hours a week. If the combination occurs during the vacation period, labor is paid according to the usual scheme.
Who can’t work part-time
Not all categories of part-timers can perform work on additional posts. According to the Russian labor legislation, the following cannot be accepted for part-time or combination work:
- minors
- police and prosecutors;
- employees of municipal, state and government organizations;
- intelligence officers, Federal Security Service, federal field communications;
- managers without agreement with the owner of the enterprise;
- judges;
- lawyers;
- Persons on the Board of Directors of the Central Bank;
- persons performing hard work;
- persons working under harmful working conditions;
- persons involved in work related to driving vehicles.
By agreement with management, employees may be internal part-time workers, but only in the same category or industry of the organization. It is important to take into account the fact that employees must have the necessary level of qualification and skills.
What is beneficial for the employee?
So, we examined what combination and combination are. The difference between these concepts is significant. But what type of work is more beneficial for the employee?
The process of registration of combination is simpler and faster, in comparison with the combination and does not require the collection of the main list of documents, certificates. There is no probationary period because the employer already knows how the employee fulfills his duties. Additional and main work is carried out within one working day.
Concurrently, a number of restrictions have been established related to positions and working conditions. A trial period may also be set. Concurrent work can only be done in free time.
Based on the foregoing, we can conclude - the combination is more profitable. But this can only seem at first glance. When combined, the employee almost completely performs other work. In other words, he works for two. Moreover, the size of the additional payment, as a rule, does not exceed 50% of the official salary. In fact, the employee receives no more than half of the money that he really needs. The main advantage of combining jobs is that the employee receives no more than 50% of the salary, but with all bonuses and allowances. However, his work is not so intense. In combination, social guarantees are also provided. Another advantage is the payment of sick leave. In combination, the employee receives payment at both places of work.
What is beneficial for employers?
Obviously, for employers themselves, registration of part-time jobs is more beneficial. The salary of one employee will be less than for two employees. Combination is also beneficial, since the employer is already familiar with the employee and has an established opinion about him and his work qualities, professional skills. The leader, for sure, will entrust the part-time with such work, with which he can quite cope.
Part-time employment is also beneficial, especially for those enterprises that are on the verge of bankruptcy. Making part-time employees is more profitable than paying salaries to the main employees during periods when there is absolutely no work. It is difficult to transfer key employees to a reduced labor regime. At the same time, the employer pays much less taxes for part-time workers, which means that his additional costs are reduced.
Currently, more and more often we hear such concepts as combination and combination. The difference between them is quite large, but there are similarities. Combining and part-time - ways to earn extra money. Work on combining or part-time in no case should be performed to the detriment of the health of the employee or his main position.