A mediator is needed to transfer oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. This role is played by hemoglobin, the norm of which is such a concentration that fully ensures the function of tissue respiration. It is determined by summarizing laboratory research and clinical observations of people of different age groups.
Hemoglobin is a chromoprotein, a complex compound of protein-globin and heme. Hem is a pigment formed by protoporphyrin and iron. Iron plays a major role in the process of oxygen transfer.
The norm of hemoglobin is its optimal concentration at which iron is enough for tissue respiration.
With a lack of iron or a violation of the formation of protoporphyrin, the amount of respiratory pigment decreases. If hemoglobin is below normal, anemia or iron deficiency anemia develops. There are special laboratory indicators characterizing the saturation of red blood cells with hemoglobin and, therefore, iron. This is a color indicator, normally equal to 0.86-1.05; SSGE norm is 27-33 picagamm.
Consider what is the optimal hemoglobin. The norm for healthy people is different for different authors. So, according to the data of I. Gribova, in men it is 132-164 g / l. In women, 115-145 g / l.
In the "Guide to Clinical Laboratory Tests" of 2001, Moscow, figures of 120-160 grams / liter are given as the norm for male adolescents. From 18 to 45 years old, higher hemoglobin, the norm in men is 132-173 g / l. Older people have slightly lower numbers. After 65 years, the normal range is 126-174 g / l.
For women, in all cases lower hemoglobin is characteristic. The norm for women in the above reference is 115-150 grams / liter. From 18 to 45 years, 117-155 g / l are given. After 45 years, the upper digits of the norm are 5 or 6 grams / liter higher.
With a decrease in hemoglobin below normal, symptoms associated with oxygen starvation of tissues appear. They consist in the pallor of the mucous membranes and skin, in the fragility and dryness of nails and hair, and weakness. Shortness of breath appears, the heartbeat intensifies, irritability appears. Amid a decrease in appetite , unusual taste preferences sometimes appear.
Hemoglobin rates in children are subject to even greater fluctuations. They are different in different age periods. Newborns have high hemoglobin. Its norm is equal to 152-236 g / l. By the month it decreases and becomes equal to 103-176 g / l. From one and a half to 3.5 months it decreases even more. By 3 months, it is 96-128 g / L. In this period, the so-called physiological anemia of newborns is noted in children, the genesis of which is not entirely clear. In the psychomotor and physical condition of children, it does not cause deviations. From 5-7 months, hemoglobin begins to increase. By the year it is equal to 107-131 g / l.
From one and a half to three years, children have approximately the same hemoglobin. The norm at this age is 108-128 g / l. In subsequent years, its concentration in the blood gradually increases, reaching by the age of 12 years a range from 120 to 150 grams / liter. With insufficient intake of iron in children, iron deficiency anemia can develop. Its main symptom is a sharp decrease in hemoglobin. The hemoglobin content in the erythrocyte and its color indicator characterizing it decrease. A biochemical study reveals a decrease in serum iron.
Hemoglobin is higher than normal with erythremia - a blood disease, and symptomatic erythrocytosis, which develops as a physiological compensation for oxygen deficiency (for example, in the highlands, during hard work, in smokers) or with diseases associated with oxygen starvation. With the loss of the liquid part of the blood (dehydration, burn disease), the increase in hemoglobin is relative.
Iron deficiency in anemia is not possible to fill with food. If signs of anemia appear, do not hesitate to treat. I wish you good health and normal hemoglobin!