Many large-scale events related to the construction of structures, roads, enterprises, the launch of production, and so on, begin with the preparation of design estimates. The speed of implementation of certain decisions and the final economic benefit depend on how well this preparatory stage is completed.
Design estimates: definition
The creation of any action program should be based on the principles of expediency and justification. Design and estimate documentation is a complex of materials in which there is a description of each type of work and their cost. It justifies the appropriateness of the proposed program of action and the ways of its implementation. Design estimates - these are materials that contribute to the formation of a proper understanding of the program among specialists who are involved in its implementation.
Creation Features
Design and estimate documentation is a complex of official papers. It is used not only by contractors and customers, but also by regulatory authorities.
In this regard, the legislation establishes the rules in accordance with which the design estimates are created. The determination of its compliance with the prescribed regulatory requirements lies with the authorized state supervision services.
The creation of a complex of materials is carried out in one or several stages. It depends on the complexity of the project itself. Both physical and legal persons have the right to create drawings, diagrams, form settlement tables, make justifications. However, they must be licensed. It is worth noting that when issuing permits, special attention is paid to the qualification level. In this regard, licenses are usually granted to specialized organizations.
Preparatory Activities
The creation of design estimates is a rather complicated, responsible, and versatile work. On how high the level of professionalism of the persons implementing it depends on the effectiveness, manufacturability, and the complexity of the implementation of the proposed program of action. The creation of the necessary schemes, tables, descriptions and other materials is carried out under the agreement, which is signed by the customer and the contractor. In this case, the first provides the terms of reference for the design and estimate documentation. It can be manufactured by the customer independently or compiled by a competent company.
In the process of preparing the terms of reference for construction, an interested person turns to the architecture department. There she receives papers that establish requirements for future construction in terms of providing gas and water supply, sewage, lighting, and so on. In accordance with the information received from the customer, the contractor prepares design estimates.
Normative base
Requirements for the structure and content of the sections from which the design estimates for reconstruction, construction, and overhaul are formed are determined by legislative and other legal acts. The key one is the Town Planning Code. In the 48th article, in particular, it is indicated that the requirements for the content and composition of project documents for various types of capital construction objects, including linear ones, at different stages of work, are determined by the Government. The same body establishes prescriptions regarding the execution of papers subject to examination. The composition of project documents for certain types of activities is determined in the Regulation and the Town Planning Code.
Scope of requirements
The provision determining the composition of the documentation is applied in the preparation of projects:
- On different types of capital construction objects.
- In relation to specific stages of construction, overhaul, reconstruction.
The provision applies to:
- Non-production objects, except for linear ones. These include structures, buildings used for industrial and defense purposes.
- Non-production facilities. They are constructions, buildings of the housing stock, communal, social and cultural purposes, etc.
- Linear objects. They are railways and roads, pipelines, power lines and so on.
Structure
In order to correctly carry out the design and estimate documentation, you must carefully read the regulatory requirements. Particular importance should be given to the requirements provided for in the Regulation. According to this act, 10 sections are provided, of which design and estimate documentation should consist. It:
- Explanatory note.
- ROW scheme.
- Constructive and technological solutions for a linear object. Artificial structures and structures.
- Buildings and buildings related to the infrastructure of a linear facility.
- Construction organization scheme.
- The project of dismantling / demolition of a linear object.
- Environmental Action Plan.
- Fire safety work.
- Construction estimate.
- Other materials (if provided for by law).
This list is valid for linear features.
For capital structures, design and estimate documentation consists of 12 sections, such as:
- Explanatory note.
- The plan for organizing the site on which the facility is located.
- Architectural decisions.
- Space-planning, structural schemes.
- Information about engineering equipment, networks of technical support, a list of measures for laying and connecting communications. In this section, individual paragraphs describe gas, electricity, water and wastewater systems, air conditioning and ventilation, heating, and communication networks.
- Construction Organization Plan.
- Project of dismantling / demolition of facilities.
- List of nature conservation activities.
- The list of work to ensure fire safety.
- Arrangements for organizing access to the facility for persons with disabilities.
- Construction estimate.
- Other materials.
Additionally
The development, approval of design estimates for individual stages of work has its own specifics. The composition of the materials, in particular, will depend on the nature of the specific activities carried out at the facility. The need to create schemes and plans for specific stages of work should be indicated in the terms of reference. The composition and content of the sections must comply with the requirements established for securities issued for capital construction projects in accordance with the Regulation.
Expertise
It is a set of measures aimed at the study of a set of papers that will be used in the construction process and other works at the facility. Verification of design and estimate documentation is carried out in accordance with regulatory enactments in force in the Russian Federation in order to guarantee the safety and reliability of future structures and buildings. In addition, the reasonable use of resources is monitored as part of the examination. For large-scale construction work, the conclusion of the state supervisory authority is necessary.
Examination is not carried out:
- When preparing a plan for a private house, the height of which is not more than 3 floors.
- When developing a project for the construction of a residential building of no more than 3 floors, consisting of 10 or less blocks, within each of which 1 family can settle.
- When preparing a plan for an apartment building, the height of which is not more than 3 floors, consisting of 4 or less block sections. At the same time, the entrances should go to the common territory.
The longest stage is the approval (approval) of design estimates.
Resolution
This document gives the right to the person concerned to begin direct construction and other work at the facility. The permit confirms the compliance of previously issued securities with the requirements of legislative and other regulatory provisions. The package of documents that is submitted to receive it must include a positive expert opinion. The subject writes a statement and attaches all materials to it. As for the objects, the documentation for which does not require a mandatory examination, then to obtain permission it is necessary to provide a plan of the site on which the location of the future structure is indicated.
Engineering survey
For the development of design estimates, it is necessary to conduct research on the ground. They are needed to obtain information about the state of the relief, structures that are located next to the proposed location for future construction activities. Engineering surveys make it possible to determine the possibility of laying underground technical supply networks. Special attention is paid to soil stability on slopes and slopes.
Costs of design estimates
The cost of writing papers depends on a variety of factors. First of all, the price is influenced by the type of input data provided. Information can be provided by the customer as photographs, sketches, drawings, oral wishes, in the form of a statement describing the scope of work or project without detailing the structural components. The cost is inversely related to the amount of data provided about the parameters of the object that will be built, as well as the degree of their systematization. The quality of information also affects the price.
The volume and complexity of the work of designers will depend on the qualification level and professionalism of the person preparing the initial data. The better the information provided by the customer, the lower the cost of the finished schemes and plans.
Equally important in determining the price of design estimates is the amount of information provided. The larger the future events, the correspondingly more information needs to be passed on to specialists. From this, in turn, it follows that developers will have to spend more time and effort to process the information provided. For the preparation of papers for a shopping center, whose area is thousands of square meters, you will need to pay more than for a small office building for 30-40 employees.
It is also worth mentioning that the requirements imposed by the customer will affect the price of design estimates. For example, if the drafting of any papers should be based on fitting repair or construction measures under a specific budget, including equipment and materials of a particular manufacturer in the plans, fulfilling other wishes of the client, the final cost will be greater than if the specialists were not placed any restrictions.