Armed forces of the Russian Federation protect the country and its borders. In peacetime, the quantitative composition that is in the army is quite sufficient. But if a conflict is unleashed and an attempt is made on the borders of the state, then citizens of the country who fall into certain categories of stock also join the ranks of the defenders of the Motherland.
What is a military reserve
The military reserve consists of men from a particular country who combine military and civilian careers. In peacetime, they are in a state of readiness and will return to military service at the right time. This occurs when mobilization is declared in the event of a total war or when aggressors attack the territory of the state. In order to keep a correct record of the military reserve (military specialties, ranks, age, etc.) people are assigned to special reserve categories (they are indicated on the military card).
Advantages and features of the military reserve
The main advantage of creating a reserve (or reserve) is the ability to significantly reduce the cost of maintaining the army in peacetime. At the same time, the armed forces continue to be in a state of “combat readiness”. The very first at the time of mobilization of troops are called up the citizens of the country who have the following mark on the military ID: reserve category - 1.
It should be recalled that the military reserve is significantly different from the reserve formations, which are a group of military personnel (or units), but at the moment they are not directly involved in the battle on the orders of the commander. This is done in order to use additional forces in emergency situations.
How to recruit citizens in different categories of stock
The Federal Law of the Russian Federation on Military Duty and Military Service (the latest revision No. 53-FZ of 03/28/1998 was issued on July 21, 2014), in the eighth section, there are clear instructions about who the military reserve consists of and how the distribution is made by category.
According to this law, the following citizens of the Russian Federation are included in the ranks of the reserve:
- previously dismissed from military service ;
- all successfully trained in a special program (military training) and received a university diploma, where there was a military department ;
- not having completed military service due to release from it;
- those who have reached the age of 27 years and for some reason were not called up for military service (were not subject to draft, received a deferment, etc.);
- dismissed from military service with subsequent registration in the military. Commissariats
- past civilian alternative service;
- women who have received a military specialty.
Women in reserve
Female citizens of the Russian Federation (of course, not all) are also credited to the military reserve. Most often they belong to the 3rd category of stock. There are certain age limits, according to which women can be recorded in the reserve: those with an officer rank - up to 50 years, and not having - up to 45 years.
The main ranks of the military reserve
In total, there are three military categories - 1, 2 and 3. In each category there are age restrictions for various military ranks. So, for example, the first category consists of soldiers, sailors, sergeants, warrant officers, warrant officers who have not reached the age of 35 years; junior officers up to 45 years old; senior officers (majors, captains of the 2nd and 3rd ranks, lieutenant colonels) under the age of 50; senior officers, colonels, as well as captains of the first rank under the age of 55; senior officers up to 60 years old.
The second category includes: soldiers, sailors, sergeants, warrant officers, midshipmen aged 35 to 45 years, colonels and captains of the 1st rank - from 55 to 60 years old, senior officers (majors, captains of 2 and 3 ranks, lieutenant colonels) - from 50 to 55 years old, junior officers (45-50 years old).
The third category consists of soldiers, sailors, sergeants, warrant officers, warrant officers, aged 45-50 years; junior officers - from 50 to 55 years old; senior officers (majors, captains 2 and 3 ranks, lieutenant colonels) - from 55 to 60 years.
Please note that the highest officer ranks, regardless of age, belong only to the first rank, and the ranks of the colonel and captain of the first rank belong to the first and second. The fact is that the command staff is considered the most important of the entire reserve, since it has extensive experience in conducting military operations. Therefore, in the very first wave of mobilization, these people immediately begin to fulfill their military duty to the Fatherland.
How is mobilization
When a country is in a war, a number of special actions take place aimed at translating not only the armed forces, but also the country's economy, government, self-government and other organizations into wartime conditions. The law of the commander in chief declares general or partial mobilization.
As soon as it was announced, all military personnel who are currently in military service (even those who have expired) remain at their places of deployment. Only women military personnel who have children under the age of 16 are not included in this list.
Most often, there are several so-called mobilization waves, each of which falls into certain categories of stock.
Obligations of citizens of the Russian Federation in case of mobilization
Regardless of whether a citizen is or is not on military records, he is obliged to appear at the military registration and enlistment office upon request, follow all necessary instructions (they are indicated in the mobilization order, agenda or order of the military registration and enlistment office), in wartime, freely provide buildings, vehicles, etc. Property for defense needs, clearly carry out military transport duties.
Can a person in the reserve be called up for military service?
The enrollment in the category of stock of persons liable for military service is based on legislative acts and decrees, the violation of which is impossible. If you have already been recorded in the reserve, then regardless of your age (even if you are under the age of 27), in peacetime no one will force you to perform military service. Those who are not in stock are removed from military registration only if they are exempted from conscription.
Stock Category 1 and 2 - what is the difference?
All military personnel who have been in military service for at least 1 year, as well as all combatants (regardless of the time spent) are the first category of reserve. The second category is those liable for military service, who served in the army of the Russian Federation for 1 year, as well as all those who were not called up for a number of reasons. It should be noted that in the very first wave of mobilization, all male civilians who have the first category will be drafted into the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation to protect the territory of the country and the entire civilian population.
Most often, all those who did not do military service after 27 years of age receive a military ticket with a mark “reserve category 2”, which means the following: at the time of mobilization no one will immediately transfer you to the first category and send you to fight. But if you do get a summons, you must definitely go to the military registration and enlistment office for training, after which a physical examination will be carried out and a doctor’s opinion on the fitness for service will be issued. And even after that you will not be sent to defend your country with arms. First, they will hold training camps, which will last at least a year, and only after that in the military ID will reserve category 2 be replaced by 1. That's when you will defend the homeland, your friends and relatives.