From birth, a person is faced with various dangers associated with the technical field and the biological environment. In order not to put one’s own life at risk, everyone should have a certain set of knowledge that will help protect him from these threats and dangers. The development of the right ways to protect against negative technical and natural influences and the safe interaction of people with the environment are addressed by representatives of such a scientific field as life safety. This article will help to understand what the Belarusian Railways is, as well as what goals and objectives this discipline pursues.
Definition and basic concepts
Before you start a global discussion of what the Belarusian Railways is, you first need to give it a clear definition. So, life safety is a science that considers issues of human interaction with the technical field, as well as the interaction of people with the natural environment. And also the BZD system includes the development of basic rules and recommendations for protecting a person from various negative factors. The object of life safety is a person, and the subject of the study of the Belarusian Railways is the development of a safe and comfortable existence of people.
The emergence of such a science as life safety is associated with the objective need of society for the ability to protect its own life. The rules of safe behavior that this science deduces are based on the practical experience of mankind, as well as on the theoretical basis of other related sciences.
The concept of the Belarusian Railways also includes the school discipline of the same name, which is taught to children in order to instill in them knowledge of possible dangers and threats. The fundamentals of the Belarusian Railways help to gain theoretical and practical experience of behavior in complex or emergency situations.
Tasks
Once a definition has been given of what BZD is, it is extremely important to understand what tasks this area of knowledge sets itself. The main objectives of this discipline are:
- definition, classification and assessment of various negative impacts of the external environment;
- prevention of various negative effects;
- liquidation of consequences of negative impact;
- environmental control;
- creating for a person a comfortable and safe state of the external environment;
- teaching people how to behave in a threatened or negative environment.
Thus, we can say that life safety tasks are a set of measures aimed at protecting a person from various negative factors.
Goals
The fundamental goal of the Belarusian Railways is to promote knowledge aimed at reducing deaths and preserving the health of people who are faced with dangerous external factors. Life safety is an extremely important science, because thanks to it there is an opportunity to teach people how to deal with threats.
Science content
Life safety considers the following issues:
- Prevention of negative impacts, which includes the identification and selection of a safe place to live, compliance with labor protection standards and rules, as well as instilling a healthy lifestyle for the population.
- Collective measures for the organization of safe life, which includes creating safe working conditions, protecting people from natural and man-made disasters, as well as developing a regulatory framework for protecting the health and life of the population as a whole.
- Creating a favorable state of the environment, which includes observing the rules for preserving the environment and reducing various negative impacts on it by humanity, as well as the rational and proper use of natural resources.
There are a number of axioms that have been defined by this science, namely:
- Any human activity or inactivity carries a potential danger.
- Each activity should be as comfortable as possible and not cause harm to human health.
- All natural processes in nature or anthropogenic activity are prone to loss of stability, and there is also a great risk of their negative impact, and everyone should be prepared for this.
- It is possible to achieve safety and a clean ecology if their values do not exceed acceptable indicators, taking into account the complexity of their impact.
Factors of Belarusian Railways
This science is engaged in the identification and classification of factors that are divided into dangerous and harmful. Harmful factors are those that lead to poor health and may reduce a person’s working capacity, however, after resting, a person returns to normal, and his body is able to continue to function. Hazards are those that lead to injuries, health problems or death.
Both of these factors are natural and anthropogenic in nature. Dangerous and harmful factors are divided into biological, chemical, physical and psychophysical.
Biological factors include fungi, bacteria and viruses, as well as emissions from enterprises, biological weapons, plant treatment products, etc.
Chemical factors are substances that a person inhales or consumes, as well as chemical weapons.
Physical factors are humidity and air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, atmospheric pressure, as well as various vibrations and noises, current, ionizing radiation, weapons of mass destruction, etc.
Psychophysical factors are a neuropsychological effect on a person.
Conclusion
Summing up the consideration of the question of what the Belarusian Railways is, it should be noted that a person is faced with many dangerous and harmful factors throughout his life. The lack of theoretical and practical experience in protecting one's own life can lead to death, which in total creates a threat of higher mortality.
Each person should independently take responsibility for their safety in order to preserve their own lives. And in order to understand how to behave properly in case of threats, an early and thorough study of such discipline as life safety will help.