The city of Anadyr is one of the most distant cities in Russia, the capital of the Chukotka Autonomous Region. The city is very small, with an area of 20 km 2 and a population of barely 15 thousand people. It is located in the north-east of the country and is considered a border zone.
City formation and hydronym
The capital of Chukotka was formed by a special royal order, which dealt with the creation of the city on the very north-eastern outskirts of the empire. Officially, the date of foundation of Anadyr is considered to be 1889. It was in this year that the foundation of the Novo-Mariinsk military post was laid, which later became a city. The capital of Chukotka, which is called Anadyr, received the name, modified from "onandyr", which in translation from the local dialect means "Chukchi river". However, the locals call their city Kagyrgyn, which means "mouth".
It received its modern name only in 1924. In 1927, the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug was formed, the administrative center of which became the city of Anadyr. In the 50s of the last century, a seaport was built on its outskirts. This enabled the city to grow economically and attract more people to live there.
Relief
Anadyr has access to the Bering Sea on the right bank of the Kazachki River. This is the permafrost zone - the boundless tundra of such a huge country as Russia. Chukotka has several rather huge mountain systems. The highest peak of the capital is Verblyuzhka.
Climate
The climate of the city is subarctic sea type, monsoon winds have a great influence, which ensures the shift of the prevailing masses - oceanic or continental. Unfavorable climatic conditions are observed here all year round: low temperatures and piercing winds. The coldest month is January. The average temperature of this season is -24 ... -22 ° C. It is worth paying attention that frosts are felt much sharper, as they are constantly accompanied by winds. In summer, the temperature rarely rises above +13 ° C.
Precipitation brings air masses from the Pacific. The average annual precipitation is 200-300 mm, most of which occurs in the summer. It is this feature that provides constant nebula and cloud cover in the territory.
Administrative division
Due to its small area, the capital of Chukotka does not have an administrative division into districts. There are only a few streets on which identical five-story houses are located. In order to somehow dilute the gloomy colors of the city, each house is painted in a bright color. This feature makes this territory very bright and extraordinary. Due to the climate and terrain, houses - concrete, panel - are installed on stilts. A small suburban village - Tavaivaam, with which the area of the capital is 53 km 2, is included in the city limits.
Economy
Due to the presence of a large number of fish in sea waters, a large fish factory operates in the city. It is one of the largest structures of the region called Chukotka. Anadyr is good because the climatic conditions of the settlement allow the use of wind energy for the energy sector. One of the largest wind farms in Russia was built in the city. Of the minerals in the vicinity of the city, coal and gold are mined.
Population
Local residents are called Anadyr. According to statistics, in 2015 there were 14,326 people in the city. In 2010-2012. there was a lack of population growth, mainly due to the emigration of local residents. Chukotka villages are also emptying, people tend to move to large cities.
The ethnic composition of the capital is dominated by Russian and indigenous peoples: Chukchi and Eskimos. Most people profess Christianity. Holy Trinity Cathedral was built in the city - a large wooden church built on permafrost.
The population in this country is very hospitable and responsive, therefore it meets tourists well enough and happily helps them. Every second with great pleasure will fulfill the role of a guide and show the most unusual and amazing places of Anadyr.
Transport sphere
Despite the fact that the capital of Chukotka is the farthest city in the country, transport here is very developed. First of all, marine. Not far from the city, in the village of Ugolny, is the Anadyr airport of international status. The peculiarity of the city’s roads is that they are concrete. This is done due to climatic conditions. In addition, public transport also operates.