As you know, there is mass sports and sports of the highest achievements. Perhaps the first to deal with in life was any of us. Thanks to him, people strengthen their health, improve their physical fitness and improve their motor capabilities. This sport helps to extend the years of active life and to combat the undesirable effects of harmful environmental factors and the intense rhythm of modern life.
A bit about mass sports
Its goals are to strengthen people's health, improve their own physical condition and active rest. In the course of mass sport, mankind is improving its own capabilities and accumulating physical potential. The functions inherent in it can be called developing, educational, communicative. This sport serves to unite individuals in social groups and to the development of each nation as a whole.
In modern life, the importance of implementing the whole range of tasks in training highly professional and sought-after personnel for the mass sport - instructors, trainers, physical education teachers - is more than obvious. At the same time, the current Russian society is experiencing serious difficulties in the development of this very popular sport. They consist in the lack of equipment and good equipment, normal information equipment for gyms, a weak methodological and software base, low salaries of physical education teachers and, unfortunately, gradually declining professionalism. As a result of all these factors, the system of physical education in our country in recent years and decades has seriously lagged behind the world level.
Sports of the highest achievements: goals and objectives
But today we want to talk about another variety. It is a sport of excellence . The tasks and goals facing him are completely different. What is the so-called big sport? It fundamentally differs in its goals from the mass one, because the tasks of the sport of the highest achievements are to obtain the most powerful results and victories in major competitions.
Each highest achievement or serious success of an athlete is not only his own business, but also part of the national heritage. After all, victories and records obtained at the largest competitions of the international level strengthen the country's authority in the eyes of the world community. That is why billions of billions of viewers, gathering on TV screens during the days of major sports forums, are not surprised. The development of sports of the highest achievements is one of the directions of the domestic policy of any state.
What else is important
Along with this obvious to all the value of big sport, there is also a not so obvious, but nevertheless important feature inherent in it at the present time. The sport of the highest achievements is almost the only type of activity that allows you to use all the physical and mental resources in the work of the champion on the highest level.
This makes it possible to investigate the limit of natural human capabilities and to determine options for the targeted development of people's physical abilities for use in the professional and public spheres and to increase working capacity.
Sport is a matter of national importance
To overcome the goal, there are specially designed systems of physical exercises and comprehensive training. Proper implementation of them leads to the achievement of the maximum possible results. Leading research institutes of the country are engaged in the development of such in order to develop sports of the highest achievements . The results obtained on the basis of the study of individual capabilities of a person in a particular sport allow developing optimal and most effective methods and means of improvement for mass practice of physical education.
Records obtained in Olympic, national, international and other competitions are the main indicator of sports of the highest achievements. This is the basis of the moral stimulus on which the development of its mass forms and physical education is based. A personal example of Russian champions winning in the international arena encourages people to actively engage in sports, maintain a healthy lifestyle, and educate the younger generation by joining the movement.
On motivation and psychological effect
In the modern world, human problems in the field of big sports are seriously and thoroughly studied. Sport is the very environment in which it is possible to simulate a wide variety of experimental situations and conditions. Athletes voluntarily go to the test of maximum mental and physical stress in order to identify and demonstrate the ultimate psychophysical human capabilities. What is this done for? The motivation is ambition, the motive of self-affirmation, and many other factors up to the banal mercantile spirit.
Each of the sports of the highest achievements has its own specifics, under the influence of which certain mental qualities are formed. Their demand not only in sports, but also in everyday life and professional activities is obvious and not in doubt. For example, we all know - team games of a sports nature educate a person in the ability to correlate his own actions with the actions of others, form collectivism, conscious discipline and sociability.
Sport is the basis of everything
His classes bring up such fundamental qualities of a human character as courage, reliability, high efficiency. The opportunities for sports in improving health, correcting the physical functions of the body, posture and physique, improving mental stability are very, very great.
What general concepts does the sport of the highest achievements operate with ? This, according to the definition, is an activity aimed at achieving the highest results in a particular sport, which receive public recognition, increase their own prestige and the prestige of their sports team at the highest level. In addition, we are talking about national status, as already mentioned.
Training and training again
Achieving such achievements in the field of sports allows only constant activity of a training-competitive nature, associated with tremendous physical and mental stress. Responsibility of an athlete participating in prestigious competitions is very high. Each mistake or a bad start can be very expensive, which is one of the specific features of the sport of top achievements.
On the other hand, big sport is a logical and logical continuation of its generally accessible types. A certain kind of continuity is inherent in it regarding training methods and means. It stimulates the mass manifestations of the sports movement by creating some higher guidelines.
What is he like
Higher achievement sport cannot be called homogeneous. Nowadays, you can talk about a number of different areas in it:
- amateur (accomplishment) sport;
- professional sports;
- professional and commercial sports, which, in turn, can be focused on achievement or have a pronounced spectacular character.
Speaking of amateur (achievement) sport, it should be noted the current trends in it towards the acquisition of all the signs of professional sports in terms of requirements for loads and the organization of a training system, as well as competitions. Usually representatives of amateur sports of the highest achievements have a certain social status. These are students, students or military personnel. This status allows them to classify themselves as lovers. However, the earnings of champions in this area are in no way inferior to the earnings of professionals.
Amateur and Professional Athletes
The training of amateur athletes is almost always focused on the largest competitions - we are talking about the Olympic Games and world championships, Russia or Europe. Success in such prestigious competitions leads to an increase in the athlete's rating, which allows us to provide yourself with higher fees in the future when moving to the ranks of true professionals.
The main differences between professional-commercial and amateur sports achievements are that the former is oriented not only to sports laws, but also to business laws. Professional athletes are trained with the help of specific goals aimed at successful performance in a consecutive series of starts and related real rewards. An important role here is played by the “value” of each athlete in the arena of the “sports market”.
Pros - what are they?
Conventionally, professional athletes are divided into three large groups. The first consists of those whose desire to successfully compete in prestigious international competitions is combined with participation in commercial competitions. The second group consists of highly productive athletes who are not inclined to fight for the title in the largest championships. Their main occupation is invitational performances and winning success in cup and commercial competitions.
The third group includes the so-called veteran athletes, whose specialization is often sports, figure skating, martial arts. They do not support the highest degree of physical fitness, but a very worthy technical level, combined with considerable artistry, aimed at success with the audience and the corresponding considerable earnings.
What is training
Under the sports training (training) is understood the use of available methods, means, knowledge and conditions that allow us to achieve the main goal of the sport of the highest achievements - the athlete’s preparedness for results, influencing in a certain way on its development. The task of preparation, as mentioned above, is to obtain maximum achievement in competitive activity.
The set of tools, methods and principles of training in the field of mass sports differs slightly from sports of the highest achievements . Domestic sports theory, speaking of the physical qualities of a person, implies the functional properties of his body, which control motor capabilities.
A little about physical qualities
It is customary to talk about five basic physical qualities - strength, speed, endurance, flexibility and dexterity. Their manifestation depends on the functional characteristics of the body and its preparedness for loads.
In particular, under power abilities (force) in the field of physical education is understood the ability to overcome external resistance or to counter such with the help of muscle tension. Strength growth is accompanied by growth and thickening of muscle fibers. Everyone knows that there are many muscle groups. By developing certain of them, it is possible to change the physique (a good example is gymnasts-athletes).
Another characteristic - speed - is a complex of such functional human properties that directly determine the speed characteristics of a person’s movement in conjunction with his motor reactions. It is wrong to confuse speed of movement and speed of movement. For example, the speed skater has significantly more speed than the sprint runner, but the second is ahead of him in frequency (speed) of movement. That is why the latest research in the field of sports theory prefer to replace the term "speed" with the concept of speed abilities.
Classification conventions
Returning to the division of modern sports of the highest achievements into professional and amateur, it should be noted that its modern varieties, which include Olympic sports, can be considered mixed species, the subjects of which are both amateur athletes and professionals. That is why such a division is rather arbitrary, because in recent years an increasing number of professionals have been performing at Olympic competitions.
Among other things, such a classification throws overboard a huge part of those athletes who are engaged in sports that are not included in the program of the Olympic Games or world championships and individual countries.