One of the grammatical connections in the Russian language is coordination. Examples of such a connection are very common in speech. Along with control and adjoining, coordination is part of its three main varieties.
Between what parts of speech is matching established?
Nouns or other parts of speech that play the role of a noun (pronouns, participles, adjectives, substantive words) are combined with full participles, ordinal and collective numerals, adjectives, pronouns (relative, possessive, indicative, definitive, negative and indefinite) and nouns - coordinated applications communication "agreement". Examples: a sad face, a singing artist, some excitement.
What is the agreement?
Often the main and dependent words are in the sentence in the same gender, number and case. Such a relationship is called “reconciliation”. Examples of exceptions are also found here. Such is the application when the dependent word may not be combined in gender (to the mother-doctor). Thus, if at least some grammes are repeated both in the dependent and in the main word, then this is an agreement.
Examples of offers
1. The eyes of a laughing girl were cleverly narrowed.
- Have anyone? in a girl - a noun of the feminine, singular, in the genitive, singular.
- What girl ? laughing - the sacrament of the feminine, singular, in the genitive, singular.
2. The baby had bracelets on both arms.
- What were they on? on the handles - a feminine noun, plural, in the genitive.
- On how many handles ? both - collective numeral of the feminine, plural, in the genitive case.
3. What joy shone her face!
- Shone with what? joy - a feminine noun, singular, in the instrumental case.
- What joy ? which is the relative pronoun of the feminine, singular, in the instrumental case.
In speech, coordination is very common. Examples of phrases: a laughing girl (full communion with a noun), on both handles (collective numeral with a noun), what joy (relative pronoun with a noun), on the ninth floor (ordinal numeral with a noun), she is mine (personal pronoun with a possessive pronoun ) that did not wait for them (personal pronoun with full participle).
Features of combinations of quantitative numerals with nouns
This is a rather interesting case. Indeed, quantitative numbers can be the main word, if they are in the nominative or accusative cases - there is a connection "management". And in indirect cases, they become dependent words, consistent with the noun in gender, number and case. Thus, using the same phrase, one can demonstrate two types of communication - “coordination”, “management”. Examples:
1. Seven hours later, Tatyana reached the place where the picnic was organized.
- Seven (the main word in the nominative case) of what? hours (genitive) - management.
2. Seven hours later, Tatyana reached the place where the picnic was organized.
- Than? hours (the main word in the plural in the instrumental case) how many? family (quantitative plural in the nominative case) - coordination.
The difference in harmonizing participles, adjectives and substantive nouns
When looking at consistency with examples, some very attentive people notice some features. Not expressed by spelling, nevertheless they play a role in parsing. These differences will help to understand where correlation is traced, examples:
1. The student on duty, neat and fit, reported on the readiness of the group for classes.
- The student on duty - coordination, where the main word is "student", and the dependent - "on duty" - is an adjective.
2. The duty officer, neat and fit, reported on the readiness of the group for classes.
- The “attendant” in this case acts as a substantiated noun, having the form of an adjective, is the main word. The words dependent on him will be “neat” and “fit”, which are consistent with him.
Three types of connection words in sentences
The combination of words in the Russian language is subject to special rules. You should know that the main connections in phrases are three: control, coordination, adjacency. Examples of them in Russian speech are used quite widely. It is thanks to them that words are combined in sentences. They will help to consider and analyze all three types of communication - control, coordination, adjacency - examples taken from one sentence: "A fluffy kitten with a striped tail played fun with an orange ball."
Control
This kind of grammatical connection assumes the presence of a main word that controls the addict. Often the main role is a verb that requires a certain case form from a noun. In the example under consideration, from the verb “played” to the word “tangle” one can ask the question “what?”. This question requires the statement of the dependent noun in the instrumental case. Therefore, these words are connected by management. Even if you replace the noun “ball” with another, for example, “butterfly” or “ball”, it will also stand in the instrumental case. Numeric (both), pronouns (them), substantiated words (homeless) can also act as dependent words. The main words can also be the most different parts of speech. For example: verbs, nouns (fingers of what? Hands), participles (running along what? On waves), quantitative numbers in the nominative or accusative case (two whom? People), adverbs (joyfully from what? From thought), adjectives (funny from what? from understanding).
Adjacency
This type of connection is not based on the grammatical meaning of the dependent word, but only on the lexical. Unchanging parts of speech, such as adverb, infinitive, participle, immutable adjective or standing in a simple comparative form, inconsistent applications (nouns) are adjacent to the main thing . In the example about a kitten, the adjunction in the phrase “played fun” (played like? Fun) is also used.
Matching. Puns and jokes
Also present in this proposal is the linking agreement. Examples: fluffy kitten, with a striped tail, an orange ball. Here you can see the full agreement of the main and dependent words in the genus, number and case. However, there are cases of incomplete coordination. This occurs when a connection is observed between nouns, where the dependent is an application and is expressed by a different kind of noun. For example, a spouse director, sister administrator, and the like. There are interesting cases when a pun is played. The pun is based on the fact that the form of the masculine noun in the accusative and in the genitive coincides in pronunciation and spelling. Therefore, it is quite easy to turn coordination into management, because of which the whole meaning of what is said changes.
- He could not help but love the doctor’s wife.
The nouns “spouse” and “doctor” in this text are related by agreement, and both are in the accusative case.
- He could not help but love the doctor’s wife.
In this context, only the word "spouse" is in the accusative case. Asking the question "to whom? physician ”, it can be established that the addict is in the genitive case, which the main word requires. Therefore, communication is called management. By spelling, all words coincide, only in the second case there is no hyphen, which changes not only the grammatical categories of the dependent word, but also the very meaning of what was said.
The Russian language is very interesting and multifaceted. The subtle nuances of using word relationships should be carefully studied and understood so as not to get into a stupid situation.