Many millions of texts are born every day. There are so many virtual pages that they are unlikely to be counted. Millions of people write about events in their lives, describe phenomena, discuss news, share practical guides, publish interviews, write jokes, write poems, short stories, novels and even novels. This is not a complete list of human activities in the network, but there is a common component - a text is always created with a more or less carefully verified structure.
There is a structure of the text that is easily perceived, but there is also one that is not so easy to penetrate into. Consider some types of compilation of textual material, and most importantly - provide tips on creating a text that is conveniently and quickly read and deeply perceived.
The structure of the text. Varieties
Depending on the task, the elements of structuring are determined individually by the creator. Not all authors know how to do it right, and therefore it turns out that some texts are even perceived diagonally one hundred percent, while others are forced to stop and rearrange words in sentences in order to get to the bottom of the meaning. How to eliminate the chaos of misunderstanding?
For clarity, the structure of the text is divided into several unequal parts and is considered in stages. The text must have a heading that cannot be missed, and the main part, usually divided into semantic paragraphs. In addition, subtitles and lists significantly increase the quality of perception. The main part may have its own - internal - structure of the text (depending on what tasks the author faces when completing the task).
Even the stream of consciousness by the Irish writer Joyce in the wonderful book "Ulysses" is painstakingly and clearly built. It has its own structure - artistically ordered chaos. And, for example, a business text requires a completely different way of organizing. First of all, you need to understand the existing types and types of text writing.
Internal structure and its types
1. The logical component. Features: each paragraph in meaning is connected with the previous one, directly or at least indirectly continuing it in meaning. Practical guides, articles, descriptions, in a word, everything that falls under the term "business text" is characterized by a logical, consistent component. Undoubtedly, this is a very convenient way of writing texts and perceiving them. It is especially easy to analyze the text using this method, and subsequent conclusions are indicated especially quickly.
For example, here in the first paragraph, the author describes the rule for using the logical component of the text structure. The second gives an example of construction. Next, the following type of structure will be considered. As you can see, everything is simple. The logical structure of the text complements and continues what was begun in the previous paragraphs.
2. The pyramidal structure. This type is typical for writing news feeds and press releases. The pyramid turns upside down, because in its broad base, that is, at the very beginning, the author puts all the basic information. Further, it simply overgrows with details that reveal the essence.
The principle of the inverted pyramid helps the reader immediately find out the main thing: what this article is about, whether it is interesting to him, whether it is necessary to read further, delving into the details. But the most interesting thing is that even if the user closes this window on the screen, he has already learned the main idea, and therefore the entire business text. Capacious, concise, extremely informative phrases are the key to success. This suggests that it was possible to compose the text correctly. The task is completed by the author.
3. FAQ structure. The text of the letter is most typical for the publication of interviews or rubrics with answers to frequently asked questions. It is easy to find logic and meaning here: in each paragraph there is only one pair - a question and an answer.
It helps to organize the text of the letter in the room at the very beginning of the content with links to information. In this case, you don’t have to read a lot of extra text, and you can immediately find answers to questions of interest to the reader.
4. The structure is commercial. The main task of selling and advertising texts is sale or promotion. You need to find the shortest way to the potential customer’s response: this is a call, registration, purchase of goods or ordering services. It is for the sake of the result that the structure of the advertising text is created using marketing models. For example, AIDA. It consists of four steps, which set the basic qualities of the text material. It must be warned that this structure is not at all based on the meaning of the text, aesthetics or consistency. Here, the final result is unique and extremely important. The structure of the advertising text is based on this.
5. The structure is combined. This method is typical for blogs. Most often, the blogger first informs about the event (which means that the pyramidal structure of the literary text is used), and then shares his thoughts on this subject or analyzes, that is, builds the text, structuring it sequentially.
Using a combined model, you need to be very careful: specific information or news, mixed with analysis and homegrown philosophy, creates chaos in the reader’s perception.
6. The structure is chaotic. Confusion occurs when a writer is not able to work with material, and claims that such is his authorial structure of a literary text.
Nevertheless, clever manipulators have realized that a mess in the minds of customers is sometimes very helpful. Readers are skillfully disoriented if there is a need to discredit people, firms, even governments - any sabotage is easily accomplished thanks to texts of a chaotic structure.
How to divide into paragraphs
The reader should be comfortable learning the meaning of the text, so the whole layer is divided into fragments more accessible to the eye. Too shallow division, however, also scatters attention. Therefore, it is important here that the semantic structure of the text does not break, moving from paragraph to paragraph.
Paragraphs should also obey the general structure of the text, even if they differ in form and are presented in various ways: as a question and answer, as a single sentence, as a single layer of text, as a list or as a quote. It must be remembered that the meaning should never be violated, even if the paragraph is in any way isolated. And it’s not good if the selected means change throughout the work: style, language, presentation form, despite the fact that each paragraph should be an independent semantic unit.
Examples
Here is the correct structure of the scientific text in the paragraph:
- A fairly common problem that arises in the process of work is to designate the end of labor. The most complete disclosure of the topic is the main task, but you cannot put it at the forefront. In order to fulfill all our plans and not to lose the topic in close, but insignificant information, the problem determination technique is used. Before starting work, it is necessary to formulate in one sentence everything that is intended to convey to the public. Thus, the logical structure of the text will appear. Without the indicated problems, any work becomes either a retelling or a competent compilation.
Correctly structured literary text:
- Ivan, driven by the wind, quickly goes along the road. It flies so fast that even a cloud in the high sky almost stopped waiting. What will this man tell him, overtaking the wind? And the man clenched his teeth tightly, only the nodules play on high cheekbones, and he walks, steps. Almost running. It is not the cloud that catches up with him, but out of stupidity the lost love.
And two examples of incorrectly constructed paragraphs where the semantic structure of the text is violated:
- You need to know when the end of labor, and draw up a work plan. The implementation of the process and the task of disclosing the topic is necessary to prevent the retelling of information. It is also important to prevent compilation. It is necessary to formulate the problem and the structure of the text in one sentence. To fulfill all our plans is the main task.
- A cloud awaited Ivan on the road to talk about his lost love. But Ivan walked so fast that he overtook the wind. I gritted my teeth. What will he say?
Although the last example, in spite of all its conceptual nature, is not completely meaningless. Here, even a certain structure of the literary text is outlined, but not spelled out. The main thing is that the reader can get the necessary information in the most accessible form possible, so that the text does not bore him or confuse him.
Text analysis
It is very important to follow the rules for choosing and compiling the structure under the dictation of the main task posed by the material. The text as a meaningful work of speech should be a consistent semantic interconnection and have a design understandable to the eye, due to which integrity is formed.
The structure of the text in the Russian language involves the presentation of activity, that is, there must be a subject and an object, the process itself, the main goal, all means used and the final result. The exact composition of the components is reflected in the following indicators: substantive-structural, functional and communicative.
The text analysis is based on the parameters of micro- and macro-semantics, micro- and macrostructure. Semantics performs the communicative task of transmitting information, and the structure determines the features of the internal organization of text units. Laws play a role in the interconnections of all units within the boundaries of the document as a single, unified message.
Compositional structure and internal
This is the external side of structuring, according to which it is necessary to build sentences, paragraphs, paragraphs, subsections, sections, sub-chapters, chapters and so on in increasing order. The external structure of the text is only partially connected with the organization itself, which takes place inside the text, as if building a bridge from the introduction to the epilogue.
You can compose a text on the basis of knowledge about the units of its internal structure, and this:
- utterance (sentence as such);
- several statements in accordance with inter-phrasal unity, combined into one fragment both syntactically and semantically;
- several interphrase fragments that make up the blocks and tell the text integrity and communication semantic and thematic.
The units of the syntactic and compositional plan are always interconnected. From here flow the stylistic and stylistic characteristics of the text. Functionality is also determined in this way - whether it is a work of art, a scientific one, and so on. In addition, any message has in addition to stylistic qualities and author's personality.
Advertising text structure
1. The title. First of all, the reader pays attention to this element. It should be concise, but informative, original, accurate in meaning. A good headline makes you want to read the main text. The most successful option is selected from several compiled in the process of working with text.
2. Introductory paragraph. It is no less important for the target audience, as it attracts and holds attention. The content of the text is conveyed here in an exciting and extremely clear way, but at the same time, reading the article is motivated to the end. If appropriate, intrigue is quite acceptable, naturally, in the presence of a sense of proportion. Getting to the design of the introductory part, you need to have a good idea of the potential client himself, his needs and problems, so that all their solutions are reflected in the first lines.
Some secrets
The rules have long been in force, most often unspoken, knowing which, you can avoid the mistakes of novice copywriters and rewriters. Professionals exclude from the use of commonplace such as "Welcome to our store." The true masters will not deceive with key phrases: it is said to introduce the word into the text four times, which means there will be no fifth. The message from their abundance becomes incredibly dull. Moreover, such a text instills in the reader a distrust of the advertised product. Direct may raise the rating, but customer attention will be lost. A good writer will not write long "Tolstoyan" complex sentences with an abundance of participial and participial sentences . It should be noted that advertising texts are most often read diagonally.
The next rule is the lack of cliches and templates. It’s better to completely forget all established expressions to create an original text.
Images
For every thousand characters, it is advisable to choose an image. It should be strictly thematic. Image size is selected in accordance with the task. If the picture is as informative as possible, its size is large, if not very - smaller.
Subheading and paragraph
Subheadings are paragraphs of a detailed plan drawn up before writing text. It is better to choose options for the second and third levels. Paragraphs carry the main content of the text, concisely displayed in the introductory paragraph. All the details of the information are prescribed here, spectacular turns of speech are appropriate when indicating the merits of the advertised subject. And then let the writer not leave a sense of proportion!
List
Properly designed and thoughtfully composed, it helps to convey:
- every single advantage of the object of advertising;
- the breadth of capabilities of the goods or services provided;
- a list of the range of products offered;
- comparative characteristics and distinctive qualities of the advertised subject;
In addition, this structural element assists in the chain of actions when placing an order or registering.
The following should not be allowed in the list:
- using only keywords - skeleton, without the verbal "meat";
- the presence of some links;
- length when listing;
- overloaded information sentences and paragraphs.
Table
This is a necessary and extremely useful assistant. It shows comparative characteristics well, progress regression, perfectly text structure. Making a list is, of course, easier, but the table is clearer. It can be made up for any reason, even just to inform who, when, where, for example, is it customary to wear cufflinks, and with what clothes, and which ones. In a separate column, showing where there is a wider choice, in which store the product is cheaper and in which faster you can buy this one.
Motivation to buy
And here a short but capacious list works very well, convincing you that everything that exists in the world of the best is at your place. The main task of the final part of the article is to finally convince the client, drive away all doubts with clear arguments and smoothly lead to the only right choice. As an option - the use of an echo phrase that repeats the main idea of the main text, classically completing an advertising article.