Any creative task involves the pursuit of new knowledge. The search for the answer to this question characterizes courage, a desire to overcome obstacles and difficulties. Creative tasks can be solved by people who objectively evaluate their own abilities, are distinguished by hard work, decency.
History reference
Let us analyze the methods for solving creative problems that are in demand today. Now the country is witnessing processes of updating and modernizing the educational system. As a new style of relations between pupils and the teacher, teacher and students, relations are based on democratic principles, trust, cooperation, partnership.
The creative task has become a great way to discover the individual abilities of each student. Until the middle of the last century, inventors used the “trial and error” method, which hindered the introduction of progressive ideas into practice.
Varieties
In the second half of the twentieth century in Europe and America, publications began to appear on how to form a creative task. The following modifications were proposed:
- morphological analysis;
- brainstorm;
- focal object method;
- method of control tasks and questions;
- synectics.
They were based on the principle of considering and enumerating several options. Methods for solving creative problems were proposed by Osborne Gordon. He proved the ability to manage creative activities.
As the main contradictions that arose at that time, we note the significant time spent on choosing the best way to solve the formulated problem while saving time on generating the idea itself.
The idea of TRIZ
The solution of creative tasks in this case is interconnected with recognizable, objective laws. For any technical system, these laws can be applied. The bottom line is to provide any person, regardless of his abilities and talent, with a real opportunity for invention.
The pace of scientific and technological progress is associated with the intellectual abilities of inventors, and without progress it is difficult to imagine the country's economic prosperity.
Features of the "brainstorming"
F. Engels noted that if a need arises in industry, this greatly accelerates science. A similar thought approaches the improvement of the technical process. By the middle of the last century, there was a significant lack of active methods for solving complex problems. The creative task should have been solved by methods that would contribute to the development of electronic and computer technology, rocket science, and nuclear energy.
It was during this historical period that the search for the scientific organization of creative activity in several directions began at once:
- Groups were created that were looking for effective methods of creative tasks.
- Intensive assembly of original ideas was carried out.
- The "concentration" of promising and original ideas increased.
Thanks to such searches, methods of creative tasks appeared. One of the first was the “brainstorming”. Its author was the inventor and entrepreneur A. Osborne. Realizing that some inventors can generate ideas, while others are prone to critical analysis, he suggested that the group solve the problem. Within the team, Osborne singled out “experts” and “generators”.
Rules for
The creative task within the framework of the “brainstorming” was solved in a certain sequence. The group that was involved in solving the problem consisted of 12-25 people.
The main “generators" of ideas became the half that had a stormy imagination. It consists of specialists, as well as 2-3 people who had no relation to the analyzed problem. Tasks of creative abilities are supervised by an experienced participant. A group of “experts” consists of people with a critical, analytical mind.
The main task of the “generators” is to put forward the maximum number of ideas, including the most fantastic ones. Of these, experienced "experts" select the most rational, allocate them for work.
The duration of the "brainstorming" is 30-40 minutes. Selected levels of creative tasks are evaluated by the event organizer. It is he who ensures that, within the framework of the discussion between the participants, friendly and free relations are maintained, he does not allow criticism, skeptical expressions and gestures.
As part of the analysis, which is carefully conducted by a group of "experts", the most interesting and promising proposals are selected.
After the “brainstorming” is completed, an action plan is developed to implement the idea into practice.
TRIZ Receptions
The solution to any problem using this technique is associated with five levels, each of which involves a certain time frame. For example, a few minutes are allocated for the first level. At the second stage, 2-3 hours are given to think over the issue. The third level lasts several days, and at the fourth stage, the problem can be considered for 2-3 weeks.
Using TRIZ
Gradually, based on TRIZ, other methods began to appear that have a specific focus. The developments yielded good results, so TRIZ spread not only in our country, but also began to be applied in Finland, Bulgaria, Germany, Japan.
At the end of the twentieth century, the TRIZ international association was created, and the product “Inventing Machine” was introduced to the market, which helped engineers to cope with complex professional tasks.
TRIZ methods and ideas have been implemented in the humanitarian fields: advertising, art, pedagogy, and management.
TRIZ Components
This theory opens up new possibilities for mastering the space in which the synthesis of ideas is carried out, creative problems are solved, new components of knowledge are mastered. The methodology is based on general evolutionary laws, mechanisms for resolving contradictions.
We list the main components of TRIZ:
- mechanisms for turning the problem into the shape of the decision;
- algorithms for suppressing psychological inertia, which interferes with the search for rational solutions;
- experience of solving similar problems.
Creative example
With the help of special techniques (actions), students turn a fantastic idea into a real project. We offer one example of solving a non-standard problem.
The timber industry complex is the basis for the economy of our country. A specific difference in the development of the Arkhangelsk region is the presence of forest land on its territory. Over a long period of time, a production infrastructure has formed here. With the help of an established closed technological process, including the harvesting, processing, shipment of export lumber, most of all harvested wood is processed inside the region.
We offer coniferous and hardwood apices to be used for the production of high-quality toothpicks, including packaging with company contact information. Such an economic initiative will bring additional cash receipts to the regional budget, create effective jobs, and also stimulate the arrival of qualified personnel in the region.
The tasks of the creative project were solved by the following methods:
- systematic analysis;
- mathematical data processing.
The specifics of solving the problem under consideration
A program for raising the forestry industry was developed in the second half of the last century. It was during that period that significant modernization of forest production began to be carried out. Over the past decades, enough measures have been taken, numerous complexes and enterprises for the processing of forests have been created.
At the same time, a technical modernization of many enterprises was carried out. After such measures, the industry was able to rise to a new level of development. A modern timber processing structure has emerged. Note that at present, far from all problems have been solved. There were questions regarding the use of wood waste in the Arkhangelsk region. Partially wood and particle chips are used as fuel for residential complexes.
It should be noted that in the future, the industry that processes forest resources has a crucial task - to ensure the complexity of waste processing through combined production. Its solution is directly related to the implementation of innovative scientific research, justification of the relevance of the use of waste from the forestry industry, as well as the implementation of specific structural, technical and construction policies to modernize the expansion of production. The briquette factory is already operating in the NWFD, but there is no toothpick factory yet.
To equip a toothpick manufacturing facility, you only need a production line, a defined steaming vat, and a modern dryer. In addition, free space will be required where the veneer will be stored for tracking. As raw materials for the proposed production of toothpicks are birch tulles.
Bales are steamed for about 18 hours at a temperature of 60–80 ° C. It is important to consider that such a tub is selected that will correspond to the production volumes of toothpicks. Using raw materials for the process chain, it is also taken into account that about a third of it will go to waste. They can be processed into pellets or briquettes. After high-quality steaming, the bark is removed from the seal, the surface is sanded.
Removing the bark from the steamed kilka is carried out manually. Note that such a process is rather laborious, therefore, we recommend setting an additional bonus to wages for such workers.
After complete removal of the bark, the buns are fed to a peeling machine, where they are dismissed onto the veneer. It is important to ensure that the veneer is not too loose. To do this, in the process of peeling, the log is compressed. The quality of veneers directly affects the condition of the finished product. Then the veneer is dried in the warehouse at a constant temperature, then cut with a guillotine into thin plates.
The plates are dried again (six to eight hours). At the same time, they need to be periodically turned over and mixed, ensuring uniform drying.
Then they go to the milling machine, where they dissolve into thin straw. If the veneer is dried poorly, an uneven straw is obtained. Overdried raw materials will not give straw, so it will be unsuitable for the manufacture of toothpicks. Finished workpieces are sent to the tumbling, pressed with heavy metal plates, then polished for two hours.
Conclusion
When solving creative problems, the logic of schoolchildren develops. That is why in the framework of the new generation of GEF, the emphasis in education is placed on a personality-oriented approach.