The communal movement that existed in the Soviet Union was revived in August 2011 by the youth of Voronezh and Moscow, at the same time the first communal gatherings took place. So began the vigorous activity of an autonomous interregional non-profit organization - the Kommunarov Movement, based on the theories of pedagogy created by the great A. S. Makarenko and I. P. Ivanov. The first communal fees were of an organizational nature: the Declaration of the DC was adopted and the Charter was discussed.
Rebirth
In 2011, near Voronezh, the first interregional rally was held, in which youth participated, organized by enthusiasts from Moscow and Voronezh. It was decided to revive the glorious Communard movement. The communal gatherings and constituent conferences took place the whole summer. In early August, an interregional organization was created and registered. At the end of the same month, the second communal gatherings were already held, where the ranks of the organization were significantly replenished.
The following year, a third branch appeared - in Ulyanovsk. The next interregional rally was held in 2013, where the membership of this organization in the Union of Volunteers of Russia (All-Russian Public Organization) was discussed. The decision was positive and the entry took place. At the same time, the laws of communal fees have not changed; all structures, the Charter and the current Declaration have been preserved. But the main thing is that the traditions of the first communard movement, which began back in 1956, also turned out to be absolutely interesting, timely and useful for today's reality.
1956
This was the initiative of I.P. Ivanov, a famous Leningrad teacher. The communist movement was born from a subcultural association of pioneer leaders, which was called the Union of Enthusiasts. These were creative young people looking for informal ways in the development of Soviet pedagogy. Pioneer leaders were literally in love with the ideas of Anton Semyonovich Makarenko and promoted them in every way.
In 1958, this technique was introduced and the first communal fees program was compiled at the Pioneer Asset School, which existed in the Frunze district of Leningrad. A year later, this School began to be called the Commune, where attributes, laws, principles of activity (the basis was public benefit) had already been developed. Komsomolskaya Pravda joined in the dissemination of these ideas, with its help the movement became interested in the Komsomol Central Committee and began to actively help the communal movement.
Fees
Half a century ago, the theory and practice of education acquired a phenomenon that had a huge impact on the worldview of many generations of teachers and schoolchildren. The communitarian methodology managed to create a whole system of organizational forms and techniques in the education of adolescents, which formed and developed a collective beginning in them, strengthening the process of joint activity of adults and children. And today Kommunarskie fees are an ideal model for a team of different ages. The experience of the predecessors was taken as a basis in action: student self-government, an out-of-school student asset — all this was not born today.
The communal gathering is the main event of the year. It is held on vacation for several days in a row, but the organizers work not only long before it begins, but also many months after. Preparation for the camp usually begins two months before the holidays. Squads from grades 7–11 are formed (the age difference is fundamental here), and school graduates — students and even very adult people who have long graduated from their universities, but who have the ability and desire to work with children — are included in the squads.
School role
The composition of the units is approved by the council of the school where the fees are organized. Naturally, the teachers working here bear full responsibility for the training, for the life and health of the commune participants. This, one might say, is “generality”, which has unquestioned authority, despite all student self-government. As part of the training, a wide variety of events are held - most often creative or sporting, but the activities of the Communards, which has a social character, are gaining momentum.
Thoughtful events help you quickly get to know and rally in a new team. It can be small performances in the form of KVN, dance and song evenings, sports games. Since then, when the first training camp was held with the asset away school, the course of this event has been quite well verified, the programs are thought out. They include creative collective affairs, and psychological training, and activities in the social sphere. Participants in communal fees are usually children representing their school council at the city or regional level. There are even parental units that perform tasks on an equal basis with children, which is also a good form that supports the principle of different ages.
Value
This practice has a high social significance, because children are simply required this form of education. Those who returned from training camp literally ignite their class with activity. One can see their sharply increased organizational abilities, the ability to get along with the team, the desire to participate in events that are held at the school, city, and region levels. "Communal fees are a small life," they say, returnees and take over student self-government at school.
In fact, there are few impressions. The most valuable thing is live communication, joint activity, which increases not only communication skills, but also helps to realize many of the hidden abilities of each participant. Children get their first ideas about partnership, collectivism, communism. A worldview is formed on this stable foundation, abilities are comprehensively developed through active propaganda of self-education, and various programs are being implemented - cultural, sports, social.
Structure
This public organization is interregional, because in its structure there are three branches by region: Moscow City, Voronezh and Ulyanovsk regional branches of the MOO DK. The governing body is the Meeting of the MOO DK, in the regional branches - the Communal gathering, for which a special program is drawn up where the events are planned in advance: training sessions that contribute to uniting each squad, master classes that reveal creative thinking, goal-setting skills. When developing socially significant projects, adults bring up patriotism and responsibility in children.
In order to quickly manage the Meeting, a Central Council of three people is elected - one from each regional branch. In the Soviet school, the most important person of pioneering age was the chairman of the squad council. Now the school has the president of the school council. But the essence has not changed. Communards develop various lines of business, thematically combining affairs and actions in a complex. Such complexes are called "operations." Usually there are several developed directions, and all of them are quite voluminous. Therefore, it is better to consider in more detail the most successful of them.
"Clean coast"
Operation "Clean Beach" has become very useful and socially significant, aimed at the problems of the environmental situation in floodplains. Communards and representatives of other affiliated organizations constantly conduct raids and labor landings, cleaning the territories adjacent to small rivers, ponds, lakes, set signs with campaign materials, and talk with vacationers about maintaining cleanliness in places they love.
The population of these areas is informed of the environmental situation, which is clearly disappointing. This is especially true for floodplains of rivers flowing in cities. Communards interact with the executive branch and local self-government, attract volunteers to solve sanitary and environmental problems. The first raids took place in September 2011 in Moscow Otradnoye, then - annually and everywhere.
"Frontier of Glory"
The military-patriotic orientation is very widely represented in the activities of the communal movement. The most striking example of this is Operation Frontier of Glory. Every summer and every December are celebrated by the trips of Communards to places of military glory. In summer, subbotniks are held where the Red Army soldiers are buried, and in December, during the days of the counter-offensive near Moscow, the Communards always visit the monuments to Soviet soldiers: they go to Dmitrov, to Yakhroma (Peremilovskiy heights), to Volokolamsk, where 28 Panfilov heroes stopped the Nazis, and to many other places.
Another operation is called "Memory". The communards are united in the struggle for historical justice, for the objective coverage of the history of the Soviet Union, for the preservation of its cultural heritage. “Memory” means pickets and rallies, appeals to the country's power structures. Labor landings are also held to participate in the preservation of historical monuments. A patronage is being organized: the Communards monitor the monument to Lenin on Losinoostrovskaya and the monument to Kirov at Dobrolyubov, the grave of T. I. Gavrilov, the commander of the partisan detachment in Krasnaya Polyana (Severny village).
Era of mercy
A huge range of activities is carried out by communards in relation to people who are in a difficult situation. Mercy, humanity, compassion are raised in schoolchildren from a very young age. They collect things, helping the social assistance points, propagandize among the population the assistance to each other. An interesting event held annually when the Communards come to low-income families on New Year's Eve. They come in suits of Santa Claus, the Snow Maiden, the Snowman and other fairy-tale characters, congratulate the children, give them gifts that they pre-purchase on the collected donations.
In Ulyanovsk, the Communards patronize the shelter, where they help to care for homeless animals - not only financially, but also with their labor. In addition, the commune cannot but support certain requirements of residents that may relate to urban planning policies, as well as ecology and many other burning problems. Petitions are drawn up, meetings are held with the leaders of local authorities. But it is not schoolchildren but students who take part here most of all, although high school students are also keenly interested in the social justice that they want to see in their country.
Students
Communal high school students will very soon have to take their own step in the social hierarchy, and therefore they should already be able to correctly prioritize, be conscientious not only in their work, but also in evaluating cases for which other people are responsible. They should already be able to obey and manage, plan and organize.
The structure of student self-government works like no other for this purpose. If you look carefully, you can see in it the exact model of society. Even the president of the school council is in it. It is within the framework of such a model that schoolchildren can master the most effective and rational methods and methods of activity that are sure to come in handy in later life.
Collective
If student self-government works at school, then the collective has developed. Self-government is not a goal at all. This is an educational tool of the highest of its forms. It is in such conditions that each team member can develop. However, not everyone will become leaders, which is well known. Eighty percent of people, as always, will only function.
Communal fees for students have an educational effect not only on children, but also on adults who are near them. In a short time, the formation of the team takes place. In addition, each person makes an incredibly large contribution to the common cause. Hence the high results of the communard movement.