Educational technology is an integral part of the learning process. In recent decades, thanks to the development of science, it has changed beyond recognition. And now educational technology is not only techniques, but also various cybernetic systems. What it is - will be considered in this article.
general information
Modern pedagogical science highlights the following paradigms of the technological approach to teaching:
- Empirical.
- Algorithmic.
- Stochastic.
The latter interests us, since it is a scientific name that educational technology has. This can be represented in three aspects:
- Scientific. Develops and studies the goals, methods and content of training.
- Procedural and descriptive. Information is compiled on methods and means of achieving the planned results.
- Procedurally effective. Practical implementation using available personal, methodological and instrumental pedagogical tools.
Main structural elements
Educational technology is a comprehensive development. Therefore, it consists of a number of elements:
- Conceptual framework.
- The content part. This includes the objectives pursued in the framework of training, and educational material.
- The procedural part. This is a technological component such as the organization of the educational process, methods and forms of activity and work, as well as diagnostics.
All this has common and specific points. The first are inherent in all. As an example, we can cite processuality, focus, as well as the desire to maximize efficiency. Specific points are diagnostic targeting, profitability, effectiveness, projectability, integrity, algorithmability, controllability, visualization, optimality, reproducibility and correctability. All this becomes more flexible and convenient to use as new educational technologies enter our lives. But what are they all the same?
What is it like?
Educational technology is a generally accepted term that is used to denote the methods and approaches used in pedagogy, as well as the features of their implementation. This concept can be represented in several aspects. Thus, educational technology can be understood as a systematic method of planning, evaluating and implementing the process of learning and mastering knowledge. This takes into account technical and human resources, as well as the interaction between them. Educational technology can also mean methods for solving didactic problems that arose during the management of the educational process. Also, it is understood as the development of optimization solutions and the identification of principles that allow us to analyze factors that increase the effectiveness of learning through the design of various techniques, methods and different presentation of materials.
Classification
Depending on the nature and significant properties, the following technologies of the educational process are distinguished:
- On a philosophical basis. They distinguish dialectic and metaphysical, humanistic and anti-human, scientific and religious, materialistic and idealistic, pragmatic and existentialist, anthroposophical and theosophical.
- According to the level of application. General pedagogical, subject and modular.
- According to the most significant factor of mental development. May be sociogenic, biogenic, psychogenic.
- In relation to the professed scientific concept, gestalt technologies, behavioral, associative-reflex, interior, developmental, neuro-linguistic, suggestive directions are distinguished.
- By the nature of the structure and content. Distinguish between secular and religious, general education and professionally oriented, training and educating, humanitarian and technical, complex and penetrating, industry, monotechnological.
- By orientation to personality. Allocate informational, emotional, operational, heuristic and applied.
Structural components
Old and new educational technologies require the presence of certain elements. There are many notations for the moments that unite them, but within the framework of the article, the vision of M.E. Bershadsky and V.V. Guzeeva:
- Initially, it is necessary to mention the model of the initial state of the student, which is set by the set of properties necessary for the implementation of the technological process.
- Operational and diagnostic presentation of planned learning outcomes.
- Means of checking the current state of affairs and forecasting the tendency of the near development of the system
- Set of learning models.
- Feedback mechanism.
- Criteria for constructing an optimal learning model in specific conditions.
The influence of modernity
Now, among the technologies, four classes can be distinguished:
- Traditional techniques. The lesson acts as the main educational period. Mostly explanatory, illustrative and heuristic teaching methods are used . Organizational form - story and conversation.
- Modular block technologies. Here, unlike the previous class, the programmed method is also used. The module (the same cycle of lessons) acts as the main educational period. The organizational forms that apply in this case are conversations and a workshop.
- All-block technology. Among the teaching methods used : programmed, heuristic, explanatory, illustrative and problematic. The main study period is represented by a block of lessons. Organizational forms are a lecture, a workshop and a conversation.
- Integrated technology. Here, the block of lessons acts as the main educational period. It consists of variable and constant parts. In training, model teaching methods are widely used . Organizational forms are seminars, workshops and independent work.
The influence of advanced technology
Now programs and methods are changing dramatically. This is due to the fact that information educational technologies are increasingly entering our lives. They allow you to learn almost anywhere! There are a large number of different projects that offer free training courses to improve their skills or even learn a whole new business. And if you can then pass the exam, then electronic diplomas will also be issued. Of course, you cannot offer this to employers as a higher education, but nevertheless, the presence of such electronic documents suggests that at least a person is studying independently, ready and open to a new and better one. And this already makes us think about something. Information educational technologies allow you to get quality knowledge without leaving your place or during work breaks.
Conclusion
Using modern educational technologies helps children learn better (those who really want it). They also provide great opportunities for adults. The use of educational technologies allows you to raise your qualifications, become the best, valuable and highly paid specialist. What can I say, even if there is an elementary desire to change jobs, it is necessary to retrain. Accelerated courses will not allow you to find a job in public authorities, but among private traders you can find your place. Or perhaps even open your own business.