At the birth of a child, a woman has a reasonable question, what kind of payments are due to her in connection with motherhood. After all, being on maternity leave, mothers most often rely on material support from the state. And you can debate as much as you like about this in various blogs and social networks, and every mother should know her rights. The article will discuss what kind of social support for families with children is provided in Russia. The legislation has clearly defined rules. They are regulated by the State Duma.
So, what does the federal law on state benefits to citizens with children, approved by the Federation Council on May 4, 1995, say. Its provisions represent a single system of benefits from the state budget for citizens who have given birth (adopted) and have adopted children. This is the law that there are guarantees from the state on material assistance in connection with motherhood, in support of childhood and paternity.
Who is eligible for payments
Law 81-FZ contains a list of persons who are entitled to material support from the state in connection with the birth of children and their care up to one and a half year old. The following categories are included in this list:
- Russian citizens residing on its territory;
- Russian citizens who serve under the contract;
- serving as rank and file;
- employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation;
- firefighters;
- customs control officers;
- employees of the penitentiary system;
- individual entrepreneurs who ceased their activities;
- notaries who have completed their duties and are not leading private practices;
- personnel of military units (civilian), including on the territory of other states (if this is provided for by the agreement of the Russian Federation);
- stateless people, foreigners and refugees living in the Russian Federation;
- persons temporarily residing in Russia (subject to social insurance).
As you can see, the spectrum is quite wide. Russia, as a caring mother, is ready to lend a helping hand to almost every citizen. Therefore, faced with a lack of understanding on the part of workers of social protection of the population, one should know that FZ-81 makes it possible to fully use their right. However, it is worth remembering that you can get support if you also have official unemployed status in the event of termination of private practices (notary public), closure of private entrepreneurs, as well as other persons whose activities are subject to licensing or registration. Otherwise, state support will be denied.
Who is not entitled to payouts
Before declaring your rights, you must carefully read the law on benefits for families with children. It has clear guidelines. The Law on State Benefits for Citizens with Children stipulates that its effect does not apply to the following categories of persons:
- For citizens of the Russian Federation whose children are on state support. And this applies to both foreigners and people without citizenship.
- Those deprived or restricted in parental rights. The exception in this case will be only the appointment and payment of pregnancy and childbirth, payments to pregnant women who are registered early, as well as a lump sum payment to the spouse of the soldier at the birth of the child.
- Citizens of the Russian Federation who have left for permanent residence in other countries are deprived of the opportunity to receive financial assistance in connection with the birth of children.
There is a note in article 1 to federal law. These rules do not apply to other categories of people with children who live in the territory of the Russian Federation. They can get the status of needy and qualify for a monthly childcare allowance. For this, it is necessary, in the established manner, to contact the bodies designated for this (at the place of work or service, in the Social Insurance Fund or in the health service).
What payments can be received from the state at birth
A special procedure has been established in Russia, which provides for the following measures of social support for families with children. The allowance for maternity leave (maternity), as well as a one-time allowance for pregnant women who entered the antenatal clinic in the early stages (up to 12 weeks). Having successfully overcome childbirth, parents have the right to receive a lump sum payment - a benefit at birth. A certificate for its registration is issued at the birth certificate registration authorities. Social support is also provided for families with children under one and a half years old.
Adopters and trustees can receive one-time financial assistance when transferring a child to a family. For women during pregnancy, whose husbands undergo military service, a one-time payment is provided. There is also an allowance for a child of a conscript who is in military service, who is paid up to one and a half years. State benefits are assigned and paid in accordance with the procedure established by the Government of the Russian Federation.
Where do the money for benefits come from?
This information may be useful to many citizens of the Russian Federation. The social support system for families with children is provided by the FSS. The following types of material assistance fall into this category:
- Maternity allowance.
- For early registration in the LCD.
- At the birth of a child (one-time).
- Monthly allowance for a child up to one and a half years.
For citizens who perform military service under the contract, as well as employees in federal ministries and executive bodies, ordinary and senior officials, payments are made from the federal budget. The list of benefits includes the same list as above. Benefits for the following categories of citizens are also financed from the federal budget:
- pregnant women who serve in the military formations of the Russian Federation on the territory of a foreign state, if this is provided for in the contract;
- civilian personnel working in the territory of the unit;
- women who were dismissed during pregnancy and maternity;
- persons who have lost their jobs in connection with the liquidation of the organization;
- at the end of the term of the contract or contract in the military unit (which is located outside the Russian Federation);
- pregnant women whose husbands were transferred from similar military units to the territory of Russia.
The federal budget finances persons who receive primary, secondary or higher professional education. In this case, a scholarship is paid, which includes a maternity allowance, as well as a payment for early registration in a medical institution. All allocated funds for the financing of state benefits are taken into account during the formation of the federal budget and go under the item of special-purpose appointments. Disabled citizens can seek help from the Department of Labor and Social Protection.
Benefit Indexing
Every year, starting from February 1, the government indexes a number of payments in the form of social support for families with children. The level of such calculations is based on price increases for the previous period (one calendar year). The annual increase in size includes a number of benefits, which are listed above. The indexation of monthly childcare payments for insured citizens during the period of incapacity for work is calculated as a percentage based on the amount of wages.
How average earnings are calculated when assigning state benefits
For formally employed expectant mothers, the size of maternity benefits will depend on earnings over the past two years. The average salary is taken into account. Usually 40% of this amount will be a benefit for the duration of pregnancy, childbirth and child care until he reaches the age of one and a half years. It is worth noting that recalculation after the new year for an already accrued allowance is not made. The exception in this case will be the interruption of leave to care for the baby and a temporary exit to work. If a woman returns to maternity leave again, then they must mandatory recalculate maternity payments.
For the calculation of benefits all places of work (present and previous) are taken into account. To do this, the applicant is obliged to submit income statements, or they are independently requested by the FSS, DZSN. For those who worked part-time, the calculation is made accordingly only for the hours worked. In this case, maternity payments may be less than the minimum. In order for the employee to understand correctly, the concept of earnings includes all of his income and remuneration, which are officially associated with work responsibilities.
A good example of calculating average earnings
In order not to become a victim of fraud, you should carefully read this information. For example, a woman has worked in the same place for the past few years. Let it be 5 years. She goes on parental leave on January 15, 2017. Consequently, she turned to bookkeeping at work to assign benefits. To calculate the size of the benefit, all earnings for the previous 2 years are taken. Salary for 2015, for example, amounted to 700 thousand rubles. For 2016, the same amount. Suppose that for the entire worked period, the employee has never been on sick leave. Accordingly, the number of days falling under the calculation is 731 (since 2016 was a leap year). It is worth knowing that there are limit bases for accrual. In 2015, it amounted to no more than 670 thousand. Therefore, the amount will be considered as follows: (670,000 + 700,000) / 731 = 1,874.15 rubles.
How to calculate the amount of childcare benefits up to one and a half years
To correctly understand how the assignment of a monthly allowance for a child up to one and a half years is calculated, an example will be given below. Mom went on maternity leave, and her average daily income was 1,874.15 rubles a day. Therefore, this figure is multiplied by the average value of days in a month (30.4) and by 0.4. As a result, the amount of 22,789.66 rubles comes out. Since this value is lower than the maximum amount of such a payment, the mother will receive this amount every month until the baby is one and a half years old.
Here is another example. Let's say the same pregnant twin goes on maternity leave on March 10 in 2017. As in the previous version, 2015 and 2016 are taken into account. Only the salary this time is 9 thousand rubles a month for 2015, and 9 900 for 2016. Mom also did not miss a single working day. For one child, a woman will receive a minimum of 3,065, 69 rubles (as for the first), and for another 6,113, 37 rubles (as for the second). It follows that social support for families with children will be 9 197, 06 rubles per month. And the average earnings of a woman per day will be as follows: (9,000 + 9,900) Γ 12/731 = 310.26 rubles. It should be noted that the womanβs salary is less than the insurance base provided for 2015. Therefore, funds will be recalculated. The daily salary (310, 26 rubles) is multiplied by the average number of days in a month (30.4). It turns out the amount of 9 034, 90 rubles. A 40% calculation is applied to this number, which results in a work of 3,772.76 rubles. The previous value is greater than that. Therefore, the woman will be credited with the first amount.
From maternity to maternity
Often women wonder how payments will be considered if the baby is born soon, and the previous decree has not yet ended. In this case, the pregnant woman can exercise the right to replace the years. To do this, you must independently apply to the authorities. Otherwise, this option will not be taken into account, and the allowance is calculated in a minimum amount. How to understand this scheme? For example, if a woman was on maternity leave in 2018 and 2017, then the previous years of work (2016 and 2015) are taken to replace this period.
Benefits for parents of children with disabilities
In addition to the main areas of federal budget funds mentioned above, there is social support for families with children with disabilities. They have the right to receive compensation for the spent funds on utility bills in the amount of 50%. They also receive social assistance in the form of a set of special services aimed at rehabilitation. In addition, children with disabilities are entitled to cash benefits, the amount of which is set by local authorities.
The timing
Having collected and submitted all the necessary documents, you can wait for state benefits to citizens with children. The payout deadlines are no more than 6 months. If the recipient misses this deadline, he will lose the right to use state aid. An exception is the payment of child allowance up to one and a half years, but you should not delay it.
After submitting a package of necessary documents, benefits are assigned within 10 days. If the applicant is refused, then he will receive a notification, which the social security authorities must send within 5 days. It must indicate the reason for the refusal. At the same time, together with the refusal, the person must issue all the documents that were attached to the application.
In the event of situations that affect the termination of payments, the recipient is obliged to independently inform social security about this. This takes one month, no more. In the event of such circumstances, payments cease in the next month after notification. Otherwise, the social security authorities have the right to collect the full amount of the benefit from the recipient.