Why is morphological analysis necessary? A question for which not everyone knows the answer. The child, not yet learning how to speak, knows that all objects are somehow called, and all our speech consists of words. A word is a syntactic unit of speech, and everything in the world is determined using it.
What is morphological analysis
In our language (and in others) words are studied in different aspects. Starting from school, children will learn that all words are classified into groups (parts of speech). The section of linguistics that studies words from the perspective of parts of speech is called morphology. Accordingly, the morphological analysis of a word characterizes it from the position of the part of speech to which it belongs.
The division of words into parts of speech occurs by combining them into groups that have common characteristic features. These signs are not the same and, to determine them, it is necessary to conduct a morphological analysis of the word.
Despite the fact that morphological analysis is a rather difficult job, one cannot do without it. This is a very important stage of the lesson for both the student and the teacher. First of all, we must learn to determine whether a word belongs to any part of speech, and only then, conducting a morphological analysis of the word, give a specific characteristic.
Words are divided into official and independent. Each group has its own characteristic features and each is considered from the point of view of morphology. For example, the morphological analysis of the word "foliage" indicates all its features as a noun. Also the words of other parts of speech. There is a general morphological analysis for words of different groups. Based on it, during the morphological analysis of any part of speech, the following signs are indicated: 1. The word as part of speech; 2. The general significance of this part; 3. The initial or indefinite form of the word; 4. The signs are constant and intermittent; 5. A role in a sentence from a syntax perspective.
Parse pattern
And now let's take a closer look at the morphological analysis of the word (noun), which is carried out according to a specific scheme.
- The initial form is determined. The word is written out in the form in which it is given in the text, and only then is its initial form indicated. For nouns, this is a singular, nominative case. If a noun refers only to the plural, the initial form will naturally be in the plural.
- The next step is to indicate morphological characters that are constant and non-constant. The permanent features of a noun include: its meaning (proper or common, concrete or collective), gender, number (in nouns that relate only to the singular or plural), animation / inanimate, type of declension. Intermittent signs of a noun are the definition of case and number (for nouns not related to a specific number).
- And the last step in the analysis will be the determination of the syntactic affiliation of the noun. In other words, which member of the sentence will be the parsed word.
As mentioned above, the morphological analysis of the word has a common scheme for all parts of speech. Only signs are different. Therefore, parsing the name of the adjective will look a little different. So, performing a morphological analysis of the word adjective, its initial form is also indicated. The word must be put in the singular, nominative, masculine. Further, again, there are constant and inconsistent symptoms. Permanent attributes in categories of adjectives include categories (meaning of quality, attitude, belonging), non-permanent - degree of comparison, full or short form, number, gender, case. And the third stage of the analysis is syntactic (which member is the word in the sentence).