Human interaction is always the exchange of certain information. We ourselves can be a party transmitting information. But all other objects of the surrounding world are also data sources.
In this article we will consider in more detail the issue of information transfer. We will find out what the essence of the process is and who (or what) can be an information translator.
The concepts
The main terms in the topic "Information and Information Processes" are basic terms: source, receiver and channel. These concepts are interconnected and exist in various forms of interaction. Let's consider them in more detail.
Information sources (as the party betraying information is called) are, in fact, all objects of the surrounding world. Each has a set of specific properties that are informative.
Living objects of nature can transmit data verbally (through speech, voice) and non-verbally (using gestures, facial expressions, body plastics). We can say that any party transmitting information is an information source.
All living things, as well as technical devices capable of receiving information, processing it and storing it in one form or another, are considered to be receivers. First of all, these are people, animals. Even plants are able to receive some information data from the environment and adapt to specific conditions.
Transmission channels are the most important concept to understand. The following types exist:
- biological;
- technical;
- unilateral and bilateral.
Sensory organs
Biological information channels are sight, hearing, smell, touch, taste. It is thanks to them that man and many living beings receive and process certain data from the environment in which they are located.
The greatest amount of data (90%) a person receives through vision, the second most important is hearing. Other sensory organs are used to a lesser extent.
Computer science is engaged in the study of data exchange methods; the party transmitting information is called in it most often as a source.
Examples
Let us consider in more detail how information is exchanged. The party transmitting the information broadcasts it in one way or another. For example, the teacher tells the teaching material in the lesson. This happens with the help of speech, gestures, facial expressions and other ways.
The receivers of information in this example are children - school students. They gain knowledge through the organs of hearing, vision. The transmission channel in this case is, in fact, airspace. Through it, sound waves and visual images reach the receivers.
The information channel may be bodily contact. For example, you can befriend a person on the shoulder, or you can hit hard. The receiving side clearly distinguishes one information (positive communication) from the other (negative, aggression).
Technical devices
The most obvious example of a party transmitting information is a variety of technical devices (translators). The process can in this case be one-sided and two-sided.
A television, a radio, a traffic light are unidirectional sources that transmit a data stream to a person (receiver). Next is the work with information (receiving, storing or processing).
A computer is a modern technical "miracle" that can interact with the user. It can work both in one direction - broadcast video materials, sound, text, graphic, and in two.
An example of two-way interaction between a source and a receiver is a computer game. A person can also transmit data to the machine, and the PC turns into a receiver, begins to process it and, if necessary, save it. That is, the computer can "respond" to human actions.
The same example can be software for processing graphics, editing video and audio files, as well as regular text editors.