The list of neurological diseases is quite wide and does not depend on age and gender; these diseases are recognized as the most common. Functional disorders with this type of pathology can form anywhere in the body.
Causes of nervous system disorders
Neurological diseases are acquired and congenital. Provocative factors leading to disorders of the central nervous system are:
- Injuries . Brain damage entails the development of all kinds of neurological disorders.
- Diseases of the internal organs in the chronic stage.
- Hereditary predisposition. In this case, the manifestation of disorders begins from an early age: these are speech defects, tics, epileptic seizures, impaired motor function, complete or partial loss of sensitivity.
- Circulatory disorders of the vessels of the brain. Disorders are manifested by dizziness, disorientation, migraine, and confusion.
- Depletion of the body on nerve soil. The diseases that are caused by this cause are distinguished by psychosomatic symptoms.
Encephalitis, meningitis
They are diagnosed with brain damage, and they are included in the list of neurological diseases for determining disability. The soft membranes of the brain are exposed to harmful agents of a bacterial or viral nature.
Unfortunately, no one can be safe from these diseases. Such diagnoses are also made to newborns, and the cause in this case is an infection transferred during pregnancy. The danger of brain damage lies in complications: this is a progressive dementia and conditions leading to disability of a person. Untimely started treatment leads to cerebral edema and death.
Vegetative dystonia
This pathology is recognized as one of the most common neurological disorders. The condition is characterized by a chronic course. Symptoms: jumps in blood pressure, frequent dizziness, heart pain. Properly selected therapy leads to a complete cure.
Migraine
This disease is recognized as a leader among neurological disorders. Signs of the disease are manifested by bouts of severe painful headache. Therapy is selected individually for a long period. It is difficult to get rid of a pain syndrome.
Age-related neurological pathologies
The list of neurological diseases in people over 60 years of age that are incurable: senile dementia, multiple sclerosis (now also found in the younger generation of citizens), parkinsonism, Alzheimer's disease, impaired cognitive function. The reason for their development is considered to be prolonged arterial hypertension, not compensated by drug therapy, a failure of metabolic processes and insufficient blood supply to the brain. The following is an incomplete list of neurological diseases (in the table) associated with impaired memory in the elderly.
Timely seeking medical help will improve the quality of life of the patient, will allow for some time to delay the progression of the disease.
Conditions to see a doctor
Syndromes and symptoms of neurological diseases, indicating problems in the functioning of the central and peripheral nervous system, are as follows:
- constant fatigue;
- disorientation;
- trouble sleeping
- memory impairment;
- attenuation of attention;
- failure in muscle activity;
- spotting in the field of vision;
- hallucinations;
- Dizziness
- confusion of consciousness;
- tremor;
- pains that occur suddenly and affecting different parts of the body;
- panic attacks;
- a feeling of numbness in the lower and upper limbs;
- paresis or paralysis.
The detection of the above symptoms requires medical attention, since they can be harbingers of serious neurological diseases, a list of which is divided into disturbances in the functioning of both the central and peripheral nervous systems.
Types of Research
A neurologist, if necessary, will direct the patient to undergo additional examinations:
- magnetic resonance imaging is prescribed for impaired consciousness, hallucinations, pain;
- Dopplerography is indicated for migraines, dizziness;
- electroneuromyography - for paralysis or paresis, as well as sudden pain.
- computed tomography helps determine the location and nature of the pathology;
- ultrasound examination of various organs, depending on the patient's complaints;
- positron emission tomography, with its help diagnose injuries and the consequences of diseases;
- echoencephalography is used to detect brain pathologies;
- neurosonography is used to study the brain of newborns;
- craniography reveals bone fractures in the skull and birth defects.
What type of examination to prescribe is determined by the attending doctor depending on the presence of symptoms. Treatment of neurological diseases and their prevention is his prerogative. Independent decision-making about treatment or research is not recommended.
Treatment methods
There are four methods of therapy that are successfully used to treat neurological diseases (a list of them is given above):
Medicinal or medicinal. It includes a wide range of drugs that, in accordance with the instructions for medical use, are used to treat these conditions.
Physiotherapeutic . It includes various physical therapy exercises aimed at different organs and muscles, as well as magnetic and laser therapy, electrophoresis and other types of physiotherapy.
Surgical This method is used for the progression of the disease and the complete lack of effect from other methods of therapy. Surgery is performed on nerve fibers, spinal cord and brain.
Non-drug . It can include diet therapy, herbal medicine, acupuncture, massage, manual and reflexology, osteopathy.
Children's neurological diseases: list and description
The main causes of neurological stress or disruption are recognized:
- psychological trauma;
- chronic stress ;
- uncomfortable and aggressive environment in which the child is;
- uncontrolled physical and mental stress;
- inability to cope with strong emotions (fear, resentment).
The child’s undeveloped nervous system does not have time to respond to various stressful situations, so children can not quickly adapt to difficult living conditions. According to medical statistics, the list of childhood neurological diseases is growing steadily. The most defenseless inhabitants of the globe are affected by such diseases as:
- Urine enuresis or urinary incontinence. It is very common in young boys and manifests itself in a weakening of control at night. The reasons for this condition are called by children's neurologists: family quarrels, stress, constant punishment of the child.
- Various neuroses that occupy a leading place among all neurological disorders: fear of heights, darkness, loneliness and others;
- stuttering. Most common in boys. The reason is a strong shock in the form of fear or trauma, that is, something that the child could not cope on his own and there was a malfunction in the speech process.
- Tiki . They distinguish motor ones, they are expressed in twitching, blinking or shrugging; vocal - grunts, coughing; ritual - repeats all the actions performed in a certain sequence; generalized, which combine several types. The reason for tics lies in the lack of communication, attention, as well as excessive care, stress.
- Neurotic sleep disorders. Prerequisites for the development of this condition are considered regular overwork in additional sections, at school and chronic stress.
- Headache. The presence of this symptom indicates the presence of a pathological process of a neurological orientation in the child's body.
- Attention Deficit Disorder. It is especially often manifested during training at school and can go on into adulthood. Manifestations of the syndrome are anxiety, aggressiveness, negativism, emotional lability.
The list and description of neurological diseases in childhood can go on indefinitely. In order to effectively treat pathologies of the nervous system, you should seek medical help in a timely manner. Partially helping to avoid these violations is finding a common language with the child, support and faith in his own strength, indulgence and patience, and a psychologically favorable climate in the family. The main thing in such situations is not to look for the guilty, but together with specialists (neurologists, psychologists) to find the right way out, thinking primarily about the younger generation.
Neurological diseases in newborns
The list of these pathologies is headed by the most common, such as:
- Hypertonicity and hypotension. A sign of the first is a tension in muscle tissue that does not pass after the first week of a baby’s life. Symptoms of the second - upper and lower extremities are unbent, with passive extension there is no resistance. Treatment consists of regular gymnastics and massage courses.
- Disorder of the central nervous system. It is assumed that this condition can be traced in a large number of newborns. The reasons for its occurrence lie in the adverse effects of external conditions on the nervous system during gestation, delivery and in the first days of a baby's life. At the first signs of the disease, treatment should be started immediately using physiotherapeutic methods. Untimely therapy subsequently will result in cerebral dysfunction.
- Intracranial pressure. It can be unstable or rise and lead to hypertensive hydrocephalic syndrome. Symptoms that should alert the young mother are manifested in the form of frequent crying, regurgitation, especially when changing atmospheric pressure, irritability, or, conversely, drowsiness, lethargy, and lack of appetite are noted. On the nose, temples and skull of the baby, a pattern of veins appears, which is visible to the naked eye. By the beginning of the second month of age, an increase in the size of the baby's head is possible.
- Perinatal cerebral hyperexcitability. It occurs periodically or may be constant, has a severity of different strength. The baby shows passivity, lethargy, he does not show curiosity, muscle activity is reduced, the main reflexes - swallowing and sucking - are reduced, low motor activity. This type of pathology is characteristic of premature babies, as well as those who have undergone hypoxia or birth injury.
Any mom needs to know the signs of neurological diseases in children, the list of which is listed above, and at the slightest suspicion to seek qualified help from doctors in a medical institution.
To summarize
The early age of the individual is especially important for all subsequent life, since it is during this period that the basic foundations for successful physical well-being are laid. Timely elimination of disorders or stabilization of conditions associated with pathological neurological problems will help to be healthy.