Parents and teachers sometimes just shrug their hands at unsuccessful attempts to teach the child to write correctly. It would seem that the theoretical rules have been mastered, and the practice is constant, but no progress has been made in mastering literacy. The statistics are especially scary. Most modern students have problems with spelling and punctuation, not to mention the ability to correctly build text.
How to sit down at the desk for writing?
Every detail is important to achieve the desired result. How to teach a child to write correctly without errors and where to start learning? Correctly sitting at your workplace is the first step to mastering literacy:
- Teach your child to sit upright and not tilt your back to the side.
- Between the ribcage and the edge of the table, a child’s cam should pass freely, but there should not be a large distance.
- The hand with which the baby writes can only be on the surface of the desk.
- You can tilt your head a little.
- The bending angle of the knees is only straight.
- Turn the bottom corner of the notebook towards the center of the chest at an angle of 45 degrees.
How to distinguish absent-mindedness of a child from dysgraphia?
Often, adults cannot understand that a child has serious impairment of speech on paper. Even experienced teachers may mistakenly think that he is trite lazy. In fact, dysgraphia is not so difficult to determine. One should take a closer look at the notes of the little student. Typically, errors in this deviation have their own distinctive features. You should contact a speech therapist if the child makes the following mistakes:
- Skips the same letters in words.
- In stressed syllables, makes mistakes with writing vowels.
- In words, swaps syllables.
- He does not add words or comes up with extra endings.
- Prescribes some letters several times.
- He writes not letters, but their mirror image.
- Skips soft and hard marks.
- Writes without paying attention to the line.
- He regularly goes out of the field.
- Forgets about capital beeches and does not understand where he puts the dots.
- Does not understand how to transfer words.
Who is prone to dysgraphia?
Are there risk groups? Everyone wants to know how to teach a child to write correctly without errors. But you should think about how to avoid the appearance of a problem from a very young age. Parents should pay attention if:
- left-handed child ;
- if the child was left-handed, but he was retrained;
- in the family, parents speak different languages;
- if the baby has speech problems;
- with distracted attention;
- with difficult memorization;
- if school begins early;
- when writing, the child skips letters, confuses deaf consonants, pronounces words incorrectly.
Types of dysgraphia:
- Articulation-acoustic problem. The student confuses sounds, does not perceive them and cannot pronounce correctly. Because of this, he cannot write correctly.
- Phonetic perception. The child distorts what he hears.
- Violation of language analysis and synthesis. Skipping letters and syllables, parts of words.
- Agramatic. It arises due to ignorance of the rules.
- Optical The child confuses similar spelling words.
How can one help?
How to teach a child to write without errors should be thought out as soon as possible. You need to pay a lot of attention to such a child both at school and at home. Only with a systematic approach can a positive result be achieved. Psychologists and speech therapists give some useful recommendations for parents:
- Closely monitor what mistakes were made during the day. Doing homework, you can unobtrusively pronounce the right words, thus repeating spelling.
- Try to instill in your child a love of reading. Well-read people make far fewer errors due to automatic memory. In the future, the child may not know the rules, but should write properly.
- Pay attention to the words that occur to the child in everyday life. Signs, advertising, TV - focus on the correct spelling of difficult words.
The most important rule is not to scold or criticize the child. It’s not his fault that he has such a problem, and if you underestimate your self-esteem, you can only achieve even greater regression. Parents simply must first of all work themselves, spare no time, study the issue. There is a wide selection of specialized literature. For example, a series of books by Shklyarova Tatyana Vasilievna can be very useful . She tells Shklyarov how to teach a child to write without errors, easily and easily explains.
How to treat and correct dysgraphia?
The treatment of dysgraphia and dysorphorography should primarily be based on the elimination of the causes of violations, and also contain the correct and timely correction of the letter. It is necessary to consult with a neurologist and speech therapist. When identifying concomitant diseases, it is necessary to undergo a rehabilitation course, which may consist of physiotherapy exercises and physiotherapy. All violations in the letter are corrected by a speech therapist. The developed techniques allow:
- develop skills of visual distinguishing between letters and symbols;
- to teach the skills of analysis and synthesis of information, in other words to compare, contrast, identify patterns;
- develop visual and auditory memory;
- teach basic morphological principles;
- help the child pronounce sounds and understand phonetic processes;
- enrich vocabulary;
- to form a coherent speech in a child.
How to prepare your child for school?
As a rule, spelling problems are found in the first class. If you are thinking about how to teach your child how to write dictations without mistakes in a short period of time, Grade 2 is the best time to start work. The second class is the period when children encounter dictations. In the older grades, if the student does not master the spelling, he will have problems with the control, and therefore poor grades. Preparation for this important spelling checker should begin gradually, in several stages:
- repeat the familiar spelling rules;
- constantly train to write unfamiliar words;
- put the rules into practice;
- dictate at least a few small sentences a day;
- repeat the spelling of words in which mistakes were made;
- pay attention to pauses during dictation;
- start writing only after the sentence has been read to the end.
Rules for writing dictations that a child should know
Maybe the question of how to teach a child how to write dictations without mistakes in a short period of time may seem difficult, but it is not. Do not be afraid of difficulties. All you need is:
- Explain to the little student that the most important thing is not to rush.
- Do not write when you need to listen.
- Do not write off.
- When writing, you can mentally pronounce the word in syllables.
- When the teacher reads a second time, you need to carefully monitor what is written in the notebook.
- Repeatedly read your work several times.
- Be patient with your child. To achieve results, adults also require a lot of time, and children, by virtue of age, are much more difficult.
- Do not scold for poor grades.
- Praise even for minor successes.
- Try to compete with him. You can sometimes give in, because trying to write better than an adult is the main interest of the baby. During such competitions, you can invite the child to find mistakes with his mother.
- Make a special copybook. Let the daughter or son write down her favorite verses, excerpts from the works.
- Keep an eye on the child’s attentiveness - let him try not to be distracted by anything.
- If you took up dictations, you need to pronounce each word correctly, make reasonable pauses.
- Try writing visual dictations.
- Make sure that your student speaks what he writes.
- Do not overload the child.
- Develop hand motility.
- Walking outdoors more, even if this, at first glance, does not relate to the question of how to teach a child to write correctly without errors, but oxygen helps a lot in good brain function.
Tips for parents: how to teach your child to write without errors
The list of tips on how to teach your child to write correctly without errors is actually not that difficult to master. Patience and care for the baby will certainly help to get a good result.
How to teach a child to write dictations without errors, theoretically we have already figured out. But what are the practical tips and exercises for developing literacy in a child? A speech therapist can get an individual correction system. How can you teach a child to write carefully without errors, say modern experts. By the way, ten years ago no one spoke about the problem of dysgraphia.
1. Analyze words
The first thing you need to tell your child about the basic phonetic principles. He must be able to distinguish between soft and hard sounds, deaf and sonorous. Play with the child in the selection of words that would begin on the specified sound. Let him try to do an analysis of sounds and syllables in a word
2. Find the letter
Offer the child a text in which to find and cross out, for example, all the letters "m". As soon as it is done, all the letters are "l". And so on. Lock the time - so you can follow the dynamics. Over time, it can be complicated: one and the other letters are distinguished in different ways. For example, cross the letter "a" with one line, the letter "l" with two.
3. Speak words constantly
Teach your child to speak clearly. Focus on the fact that not all words are spoken and spelled the same way. Also, teach to highlight the endings in words, because such a dissonance is most often found in this part.
4. How many words in a sentence
Read the sentence to the child. Let him determine by ear how many words are in him. So the child will learn to determine the boundaries of sentences. Then you can complicate a little - to make a sentence from a given number of words. Also useful will be exercises to determine the number of syllables in individual words.
5. Work with deformed text
Offer your child scattered words that make up a coherent text. The level of difficulty must necessarily correspond to the age of the child. Offer to restore the text yourself, in which there are no necessary words. Or a text in which only the last words are missing. With the help of such simple exercises, the child will easily master the basic rules of syntax in practice.
After such exercises, the question of how to teach a child to write without errors no longer seems so complicated.
What is a language map?
To track the progress and dynamics of literacy changes, there is a special method of recording the results. A language map is a way by which all results and changes are captured. By writing down everything, you can comprehensively monitor how the process is going and what needs to be changed in the adjustment methods. The following shall be entered into the language card:
- disturbances in speech, oral and written;
- ability to pronounce and distinguish sounds;
- analyze and synthesize parts of a word;
- reading and writing skills.
Regularly filling out the card, you will clearly see what you have achieved and how long you have achieved results in deciding how to teach your child how to write without mistakes.