Unionless such complex sentences are called, in which parts are connected only with the help of intonation. The main feature of such complex designs is the lack of alliances. Instead, punctuation marks in BSP are used.
general characteristics
Between sentences in the BSP, semantic relations are established that are similar to relations in sentences of allied ones: compound and complex.
For instance:
- Night was falling, the forest was moving closer to the fire. The sentence reveals semantic relations of enumeration of simultaneously occurring events.
- One fine day, pickets, knocking down from running around, bring news: the fortress is surrendering. In this sentence, semantic relations are similar to those in a compound sentence with a subjunctive explanatory.
- He was telling the truth - they did not believe him. The proposal combines a temporary, concessive, and opposing relationship.
Depending on how the parts relate to each other in meaning, there are BSPs with different punctuation marks. The examples given above serve as proof of this. Depending on this, unionless compound sentences are divided into three groups.
BSP with semicolon and semicolon
There are several punctuation features associated with all-union sentences. In particular, there are two rules governing the setting of a semicolon and a semicolon in a sentence.
Punctuation marks in BSP. Table with examples |
The rule | Examples |
A comma in the BSP is put, if there is an enumeration of certain facts, you can use the union and . In this case, the intonation during reading will be enumeration, and it is necessary to withstand a short pause before each comma. | My head was spinning, stars danced in my eyes. My head was spinning, and stars danced in my eyes. |
If the sentence is widespread and has inside its commas (homogeneous members, separate members, introductory words and plug-in constructions, references), then it is separated from the other part by a semicolon. | Green frogs jump over stones near a stream; on the largest stone lies, basking in the sun, gold already. |
Do you need to select a comma or semicolon?
If the rule is well understood and learned, then you can easily cope with the following exercises:
1. Explain the setting of the semicolon:
1) The sun rises, peppy and radiant from the cold; the window is gleaming with gleam.
2) All morning, clean and bright, the colors sparkled; frosty chrysanthemums were silvering on the window for half a day.
2. What are the missing punctuation marks in BSP in parentheses?
Happy, irreversible time - childhood! How not to like memories of her? They so refresh and exalt my soul.
You run up to your fill (...) you sit at a table in your high chair (...) it's too late (...) a cup of milk has been drunk a long time (...) a dream blinds your eyes (...) but you don't move (...) you sit and listen. Mom is talking with someone (...) her voice is so sweet (...) so friendly. The sound of my mother’s voice speaks so much to my heart, it resonates in my soul!
With deliberate eyes, I stare intently at her sweet face (...) suddenly she becomes all small - her face becomes no more than a button (...) but I see him all the same clearly. I like to see her so tiny. I squint my eyes even more (...) she is now no more than those boys (...) who are in the pupils (...) when you look closely into the eyes (...) but now I move - and the miracle disappears (...) I narrow my eyes again (... ) In every possible way I try to renew my vision (...) but in vain.
BSP with dash
Punctuation marks in BSP directly depend on the semantic relationships of its parts. To set a dash in union-free sentences, one of the conditions listed in the table is required.
Punctuation marks in BSP. Dash table with examples |
Conditions for Using Dash | Examples |
The content of one sentence contradicts the content of another sentence. You can put a comma and the union BUT. | I am glad to understand you - understand me too. (I’m glad to understand you, but you also understand me). |
One sentence concludes with an indication of the time or condition of what is stated in the other sentence. You can put a comma and unions IF and WHEN. | It will rain - cancel the campaign. (If it rains, we cancel the campaign. When it rains, we cancel the campaign). |
The second sentence contains a conclusion or consequence of what is said in the first sentence. You can put a comma and unions, therefore, or so. | Tomorrow has a lot to do - you need to get up early. (There is a lot to do tomorrow, so get up early). |
If a quick change of events is drawn in the sentence. You can put a comma and the union I. | There was a loud clatter - everything was silent. (There was a loud thunder, and everything fell silent). |
Dash or not dash?
Next, let's talk about examples in which different punctuation marks are allowed.
1. What punctuation marks are placed in the BSP below?
1) The teacher ordered me to submit a diary (...) I did not have a diary.
2) There is terrible stuffiness (...) there will be a thunderstorm by night.
3) She sat in the wagon near the hussar (...) the coachman whistled (...) the horses rushed off.
4) There was a shout (...) he rushed to run.
5) You’ll chase after the big (...) you’ll lose the little.
2. The text contains BSP with different punctuation marks. With which?
A song was heard (...) the voices immediately fell silent (...) the impulses subsided (...) and the whole baggage train moved on in silence (...) only the rattle of the wheels and the champing of dirt under the horse's hooves could be heard at that moment (...) when the words of the sad song sounded.
3. Which of the sentences has a dash?
1) The sun has already set, but it is still light in the forest (...) the air is so clean and transparent (...) the birds chirp and whistle (...) the young grass shines like emerald.
2) My soul is fun and festive (...) in the yard spring (...) and the air is so clean and transparent (...) the birds chirp stunned and joyfully (...) young grass breaks through.
BSP with a colon
Of great importance in determining the relationship between the parts in the BLB is intonation. If at the end of the first part it is necessary to increase the tone of the voice, then for sure you need to put a colon. So it turns out that punctuation marks in BSP depend on intonation. But semantic relationships are of paramount importance. Consider the conditions for setting a colon.
Punctuation marks in BSP. Table with colon examples |
Colon setting conditions | Examples |
The second sentence speaks of the reason for what is said in the first sentence. You can put a comma and union BECAUSE. | I did not like rainy weather: it drove me into longing. (I did not like rainy weather because it drove me into longing). |
One sentence serves to explain another, reveals its content. You can put a comma and an introductory word A EXACTLY, then the colon will stand after this word. | A riot of colors reigns in the field: amidst the bright green of the grass, chamomile bushes turn white with fragrant snowdrifts, small carnation stars grow red, and the shy eyes of the cornflower occasionally peek. (A riot of colors reigns in the field, namely: amidst the bright green of the grass, chamomile bushes turn white with fragrant snowdrifts, small clove stars grow red, the shy eyes of the cornflower occasionally peek). |
The second sentence serves to complement the first. In this case, you can put a comma between the sentences and the union HOW, WHAT or SAW, WHAT. | I feel: carefully, as if fearing something, the fingers slowly move up to the shoulder. (I feel how cautiously, as if fearing something, my fingers slowly move up to the shoulder). |
A colon or not a colon?
In this case, there are also rules.
1. What punctuation marks are missing in the sentence?
Somehow it happened (...) that Vera left ahead of schedule (...) but now it didn’t scare Sergey (...) he knew (...) that his father and everyone else would return in the evening.
2. Place punctuation marks in the BSP. Examples of suggestions are given below.
1) The picture has changed (...) already on the white tablecloth of the fields in some places black spots and stripes of thawed earth were visible.
2) I really liked listening to the girl (...) she painted for me about a world unknown to me.
3) A little more (...) her eyes will come to life, a smile will blossom on her face.
4) I looked out the window (...) in the clear sky the stars flared up brightly.
5) How many years I have been serving (...) I have not had such a thing before.
Summarize the studied
BSPs are a complex system that includes four types of sentences, depending on the punctuation marks between the parts of a complex sentence - a comma, semicolon, colon, dash.
Punctuation marks in BSP. Table with examples |
comma | semicolon | dash | colon |
A shot was slammed, then a machine gun crackled. | Near the door I saw a boy, from the cold of everything who turned blue; he was wearing wet clothes sticking to his body; he was barefoot, and his little feet were covered in mud, like socks; trembling swept me from head to toe at the sight of him. | In summer, the trees merged into one green mass - in autumn, each stands separately, by itself. Dawn began to squeamish - we woke up and went outside. Life without joy is a day without the sun. If you give, I won’t take it. | Here's what I'll do: at night I will come with a detachment, set fire to the explosives and raise that house, that is, a research station, into the air. He thought to himself: the doctors must be called. The bird could not fly: her wing was broken. |
BSP with punctuation marks. The rule |
A comma is placed if sentences with a connecting relationship. | A semicolon is used if sentences with connecting relationships have their own commas. | A dash is set if offers with opposing, temporary, comparative, concessive, investigative relationships. | A colon is put if sentences with explanatory, additional, causal relationships. |
What is the difference between punctuation marks in BSP, SPP, BSP
Between parts of the BSP, relations are established that are similar to those found in allied sentences: complex and complex ones.
Unionless | Allied |
A floorboard creaked in one corner, the door creaked. | A floorboard creaked in one corner, and a door creaked (MTP). |
It was already evening, the sun had disappeared behind a pine grove beyond the garden; the shadow from her ran endlessly through the fields. | It was already evening, the sun was hidden behind a pine grove located behind the garden, and the shadow from it lay endlessly through the fields. |
He was ashamed to kill the unarmed - he thought and lowered his gun. | He was ashamed to kill the unarmed, so he thought and lowered his gun. |
I entered the hut: two benches on the walls and a large chest near the stove made up its entire atmosphere. | I went into the hut and saw that two benches on the walls and a large chest near the stove made up its entire atmosphere. |
As you can see from the table, the punctuation marks in the BSP are much richer than in union sentences that use only commas. But in allied constructions, the semantic relations of parts are understandable and clear, thanks to unions:
- simultaneity, sequence - union AND;
- reason - union BECAUSE;
- the consequence is a union, therefore;
- comparison is the union of HOW;
- time - union WHEN;
- conditions - union IF;
- addition - the union WHAT;
- explanation - union IE;
- contrast - union A.
Punctuation in BSP is needed to express semantic relations between sentences, they serve as unions.
BSP Examples
Examples illustrate BSP options:
- with conditional relationship: You stay here a day - then you will find out.
- with temporary relationships: Cope - we will transfer to the leaders.
- with the meaning of the effect: The rain has ended - you can move on.
- with conditional relations: The sun is shining - we are working, the rain is coming - we are resting.
- with concession: I would have such a dog - no cows.
- with nasty relationships: Beautiful urban - I’m rustic mile.
- with a connecting relationship: A man sitting at a table talking on the phone; the child was still sleeping on the couch.
- with an explanatory relationship: I advise you: do not pick up other people's wallets.
- with relations of consequences: The land was needed for crops: I had to plow the gardens.
- with explanatory relationship: Occasionally voices were heard: late pedestrians were returning home.
- with a relationship of reason: We must give him his due - he was very ardent, brave and persistent.
- with comparison relationships: That is not the wind rustling in the open, the sea is not raging in a storm - my heart yearns for the Motherland, there is no peace and happiness in it.
An example of an OGE assignment
Among the proposals you need to find complex ones with an all-union connection between the parts:
1) The Holy Sea - that's what Baikal has been called for a long time. 2) We will not assure that there is nothing better in the world than Baikal: everyone is free to love something of their own, and for the Eskimo, his tundra is the crown of creation. 3) We, from young nails, love the pictures of our native land, they determine our very essence. 4) And it’s not enough to consider that they are dear to us, they are our part. 5) It is impossible to compare icy Greenland with the hot sand of the Sahara, the taiga of Siberia with the steppes of the Central Russian strip, the Caspian Sea with Lake Baikal, but you can convey your impressions of them.
6) But all the same, Nature has its favorites, which she creates with special care and endows with special appeal. 7) Baikal is undoubtedly such a creature.
8) Even if we don’t even talk about its wealth, Lake Baikal is famous for the other - for its miraculous power, timeless power reserved.
9) I recall how my friend and I went far along the shore of our sea. 10) It was the beginning of August, the most blessed time when the water warmed up, the hills are raging in bloom, when the sun makes the snow shine on the distant Sayan mountains, when Baikal, stocking up with water from melted glaciers, lies full and calm, gaining strength for autumn storms, when it's fun fish splashing under the cries of gulls.