The organization of cities and other settlements requires the development of a special plan, in accordance with which a system for the arrangement of specific territories will be formed. Depending on the direction of urban development work, it may be necessary to draw up documentation on zoning, architectural design, infrastructure improvement and repair work. To systematize such events, the development of urban planning documentation is intended, which groups of specialists in various fields are involved in.
General information on urban planning documentation
For the development of regions and settlements of the Russian Federation, a special procedure for the development of documents is provided, which contains specific planning, architectural and design decisions regarding the development, as well as the infrastructural support of the area. Initially, a list of tasks is being formed, in accordance with which this or that territory of the urban and rural settlement should be developed . At the same time, urban planning documentation also affects the operation of construction sites, their technical content and maintenance. The specialists in the documentation not only give recommendations regarding direct development, but also present design schemes for the further development of facilities.
Town Planning Code
The regulation of urban development is based on codified documents enshrined in the legislative framework. In this case, the subject of regulation and standardization are urban development relations, that is, measures aimed at the development of territories, including cities and other settlements. To verify the compliance of construction and planning activities with the approved standards, an examination of design documentation is provided . The Town Planning Code requires compliance with the rules regarding the development of documents for territorial planning, zoning, architectural and construction activities, reconstruction and repair. The need for a separate development of the rules of the urban planning code in this area is due to the need to ensure the safety of development sites, as well as the goals of effective prevention of emergencies of a different nature and their timely elimination.
What does the package of urban planning documents include?
Mostly the documentation contains design solutions for the arrangement and planning of urban and rural areas. In particular, the package includes integrated territorial schemes with features of urban areas and rural districts. These may be development projects of microdistricts, quarters and planning infrastructure objects. Separately provides for the division of administrative-territorial entities, which can act as independent or separate units. Explanatory notes are provided for lands included in the general planning structure. In this part, urban planning documentation provides information on land categories, forms of ownership, physical parameters of the area, types of use, etc. For urban infrastructure, planning solutions are specifically developed for the organization of street-road networks, communication lines and structures.
Types of urban documentation
Documents governing the organization and development of territories, in accordance with the urban planning code, can be divided into several categories. The basic material is a project according to which the general features of urban and rural settlements are formed. This is partly a way of forming separate territorial entities at different levels - from federal to municipal. This is followed by a planning document, which indicates the scheme of transport networks and interchanges that apply to the regions as a whole. At this level, urban planning documentation during urban planning can also cover the objects of engineering and communications support for settlements. More precisely, the activities of builders and architects are regulated by project documentation relating to buildings and land surveying. Such materials provide for the marking of areas, the organization of land relief, traffic, and also indicate measures for the protection of cultural and historical objects.
Development of a documentation package
The basis for the implementation of the urban development project is the receipt of an appropriate order from the federal state authorities, local administration or by prior agreement with other authorized entities. Moreover, the task may also contain requirements for the initial conduct of engineering surveys and research activities. The direct development of urban planning documentation involves the preparation of graphic plans, design and technical materials, infrastructure schemes, etc. Any corrections and changes to the documents can only be carried out with the approval of the authorities that approved the specific material. Prior to this, documents should be published with a wide discussion with the participation of the population. The bodies of local architecture and urban planning carry out the development, which also carry out registration of documents and their storage.
Registration of urban planning documentation
All documentation is divided into two parts, which are graphic and text sections. As for the first part, materials of this kind are presented in the form of images with drawings and diagrams. Symbols may also be used. Unpainted paints are used as a basis to indicate topographic and geodetic characteristics. Recently, computer and multiplying tools have been increasingly used to perform the graphic part. However, without prior approval, the approval of urban planning documentation made using modern technologies of this type may not take place. Manufacturing methods should initially be negotiated with the customer. The text part is usually formed by explanatory notes, substantiation materials of certain decisions, statistical and analytical data, which are made out as separate appendices.
Information support for the development of documentation
In order to reduce the lead time for the urban planning documentation, it is recommended to use lists with information sources or prepared materials with data. As a rule, the customer provides the sources, recommending developers and links to regulatory documentation. In particular, legal documents, cartographic basis, city plans and topographic maps can serve as initial information. As well as the preparation of urban planning documentation, source materials can be processed electronically. Sometimes customers provide performers with special equipment for working with digital cartographic materials.
Documentation Examination
The state examination precedes the procedure for approving documents. Verification is carried out by federal or territorial authorities depending on the nature of the documentation. Based on the findings of specialized expertise, a summary conclusion is prepared. In the case of a positive assessment, a recommendation is given for the approval of the material. The examination of urban planning documentation itself is diverse. As a rule, experts from various fields participate in it, evaluating documents for the correctness of registration, for compliance with environmental, technical and operational requirements.
Harmonization and approval of documentation
After the publication of documents and prior to approval, they are submitted for approval by local authorities. At this stage, commissions involved in urban planning in terms of land relations, architecture, the protection of cultural and historical monuments and mountain supervision are connected. State approval of urban planning documentation provides for the possibility of providing the customer with reasonable comments regarding the content of materials. If the commission does not have claims to the documents, then within the previously specified time period, the project is considered agreed and approved.
Execution of approved urban planning documentation
After publication and final approval, urban planning documents are sent to the local architecture authorities, which register the project and organize its storage. Further, the local administration is required to monitor the implementation of the plan. Actually, urban planning documentation acts as the basis for architectural and construction activities and the cadastral register. Direct execution of an order for the implementation of approved documents is entrusted to specialized organizations in the field of construction, design and geodetic work.
Conclusion
The development of cities and other settlements is impossible without a prepared plan. The construction of administrative buildings, the planning of landscaping, the laying of communication and road networks, the formation of districts and quarters - the initial data for such events contains urban planning documentation, the development of which is carried out by specialists in various fields. In addition to the current tasks on the arrangement of the territory, the future development of territorial entities is also envisaged. This takes into account not only the technical properties of construction and infrastructure facilities, but also the socio-cultural needs of the population, in whose interests urban planning documents are developed.