The relevance of chest x-ray examination is that at present this procedure is one of the most accessible and widespread, allowing timely determination of the presence of doubtful, potentially diseased areas in the respiratory system. If blackout is detected in a person’s picture, they are sent for additional studies or a control analysis is prescribed after 6-12 months, after which a diagnosis is formulated and treatment is selected.
general information
The uniqueness of the chest X-ray examination in the probability of detecting tuberculosis at an early stage. It so happened that it is quite difficult for an adult to defend himself against this disease, especially if his lifestyle makes him stay in harmful conditions and constantly contact people. Other external aggressive factors are possible that significantly increase the risk of the disease. If, after infection, the disease was detected in the initial phase, the therapeutic course will be relatively simple, and the person will practically not lose as a daily routine. But the detection of pathology in the early stages is possible only through x-ray studies, that is, fluorography.
Nowadays, there are no questions related to how to undergo a fluorographic examination: all students officially employed in most institutions and enterprises are required to regularly study the state of the respiratory system. Specialized cars go to the place of study or work of some team, and all without exception pass through the device. If the company does not order such a car, or the person did not attend the event, if the citizen does not work anywhere and does not study, he can come to a clinic convenient for him and sign up for the procedure through the registry in the near future. The event is available to everyone, completely free of charge, since the conduct of fluorographic analyzes is included in the social federal program for protecting the health of the nation.
Current state of affairs
Nowadays, the organization of fluorographic examination of the population is entrusted to health facilities, enterprises in which people work, and educational institutions. Mass studies conducted from year to year have become familiar to many, but recently a new practice of sample surveys has been introduced. Be sure to take an x-ray to those who are involved in working with people who are employed at a medical facility. Fluorography is mandatory if a citizen works in the manufacture, sale of food, in animal husbandry and other similar areas. A complete list, relevant for a particular day, can be extracted from legislation in force in the country.
If the person does not belong to the listed group, for him the answer to the question of how often the fluorographic examination is recommended to be performed is somewhat different: the procedure is shown once every two years. This frequency is optimal, confirmed by studies, but some come for analysis even less often.
Risks and Dangers
And under the old laws, others ignored their duties and did not visit the doctor for five years, or even longer. The main purpose of the X-ray examination is to detect tuberculosis at an early stage, so a person who refuses to visit the device risks his health and future. There are many cases of detecting a disease at an advanced stage, when the body received irreparable harm. The heavier the form, the more problematic the case, the more difficult it is to find an effective therapeutic course. Every year, the progress of pathology (which at first is completely invisible to the patient) is accompanied by a significant risk of the disease becoming incurable.
Do not be afraid of the frequency of fluorographic examination specified in the laws. From an old memory, people who knew about the consequences of radiation sickness are afraid to take x-rays in order to reduce the radiation dose received over their entire lives. There is no need to panic: modern and efficient plants are being produced in our time, the work of which is associated with the generation of a minimum radiation dose. These volumes are so low that they pose no danger to either adults or children. Despite the numerous studies conducted in this matter, it was not possible to identify any evidence of the danger of the procedure, the harm from it.
Neglecting your health is a risk to your life.
Doctors urge: passing a fluorographic examination can save a person’s life. This is due to the frequency of tuberculosis. Studies conducted annually show: the number of cases is constantly increasing. This trend is characteristic of different countries, and Russia is among them. At the same time, tensions in society and fears of fluorography are growing: it seems to many that it would be more harm than good, and it is precisely their tuberculosis that will never affect. The statistics collected by medical institutions are contrary to popular opinion: the risks are great for everyone.
For certain symptoms, you should not wait until the next period of fluorography is suitable, but you should contact the clinic for a detailed examination as soon as possible. The results of a fluorographic examination are vital if a person feels tired, lethargic, disinterested in the environment for no reason, quite often notes an increase in temperature to a subfebrile level, extremely rarely - above, while the sources of the symptom cannot be identified. Tuberculosis can be indicated by a prolonged cough, accompanied by separation of sputum or without it. These manifestations are an occasion to use the services of a qualified doctor who listens to the lungs and directs him to fluorography, after which he analyzes the resulting image. Even if the previous examination was completed only a few months ago, if there is a doctor’s recommendation, you need to go through the procedure as soon as possible.
Different stages - equal relevance
Regular fluorographic examination of workers, students, unemployed citizens of our country, pensioners is the key to timely detection of tuberculosis patients. If infection with mycobacteria is established, observing the regularity of the procedure becomes especially important. Infection is indicated by a positive response when staging a tuberculin skin test. The risks of pathological processes for such citizens are significantly higher than for those who are not infected with the bacterium.
If a woman is expecting a baby in the near future, all relatives should undergo a fluorographic examination. If it is impossible to undergo the procedure, you should come to the clinic promptly after the birth of the child. A tuberculin test can show infection of a minor citizen. In this case, fluorographic examination becomes an obligatory annual procedure for a person. For the first time, an infected person should be seen by a TB doctor. A person needs a full-fledged clinical examination. In some cases, doctors may decide to send a citizen to a hospital setting.
Attention to detail
Fluorographic examination is the most effective, safe and accurate method for determining the pathological process that occurs in the respiratory system. If the disease is identified and localized, the doctor chose a therapeutic course, and the patient clearly follows his recommendations, you can cope with the problem without residual degenerative changes. There are practically no consequences, complications, traces. The neglected form presents considerable risks, including for human life.
However, do not underestimate the benefits of conducting a fluorographic examination: this procedure not only helps to detect the first signs of tuberculosis in a timely manner, but also reveals minor neoplasms in the bronchial tree, heart and blood vessels. It is through fluorography that a small tumor can be detected randomly (when undergoing a scheduled preventive examination). The picture will not allow you to make an accurate diagnosis, but will make it clear that you need a complete and detailed study of the state of the body. Initial destructive processes, degeneration of the cellular structures of the respiratory system in other ways (not by fluorography) usually cannot be determined.
Tuberculosis: features
This terrible disease, which can help determine the fluorographic examination, is an infection with mycobacteria. Currently, doctors are actively exploring the features of the epidemiology of pathology. Doctors already have a considerable database regarding the methods of spreading the infection, the frequency of the disease among different groups of people. It is known who is at greatest risk.
It is no secret that tuberculosis is an exclusively social disease, closely related to human living conditions, population culture and material capabilities. In many ways, the prevalence of pathology is determined by population density, the tendency of people to migrate and receive migrants from other powers. Typical housing, a health system, and environmental living conditions play a role. Tuberculosis is considered a medical and social problem.
You can become infected with tuberculosis from a sneezing, coughing, talking patient, because with all these actions a person releases pathogenic microorganisms into the environment. It is impossible to predict how great the risks are of meeting a suffering active form of the disease in everyday life, but the more often we use public transport and are in crowded places, the greater they are. For this reason, fluorographic examination of the population is carried out massively and quite often. The system was developed on the idea of increased infection risks for all, without exception. Certain dangers are associated with people suffering from extrapulmonary forms of the disease. They spread mycobacteria with other secretions of the body - various substances emerging from the fistula.
Risks for everyone
Pathological processes are the result of the influence of mycobacteria on organic tissues. The probability of their onset in contact with the pathogen is determined by the susceptibility of the person to infection. Normally, an ordinary person has a rather high ability to resist mycobacteria. It depends on a number of factors: gender, age, pathologies, living conditions. Scientists know groups of people for whom the susceptibility to the disease is especially high.
Studies show that the first meeting with an infectious object is safe for most modern people, the disease does not start, and if the pathological processes start, they affect only small sections of the lymphatic system, not spreading so much that one can talk about a serious problem. Mycobacteria can develop in the body for many years, in some colonies they live in the pulmonary system all their lives. Without multiplying, the infectious agent does not lose its ability to survive in uncomfortable conditions, and as soon as they change, the pathology passes into the active stage. This explains why fluorographic examination of the population of older age groups is so important. The older the person, the weaker the body's defenses, the higher the risk of mycobacterial carriage transformation into an active infection.
Disease: the nuances of pathology
The organization of a fluorographic examination with an impressive percentage of the population makes it possible to identify the disease in people who are just barely ill, as well as in those who suffer from tuberculosis with atypical symptoms. Manifestations of pathology, as doctors have established, are quite diverse. On average, 15% of diseased symptoms do not exist for decades at all, which means that making a diagnosis is almost impossible. A person who does not undergo fluorography, does not suffer from typical manifestations of the disease, or who neglects to visit a doctor because of symptoms, carries the disease for a long time in society. Latent in one patient tuberculosis, unidentified, not detected on time - infection factor up to 15 people annually.
To determine the risks for a particular population, doctors calculate infection. Based on the data obtained, the recommended x-ray frequency of the pulmonary system is established. Infection is a percentage that reflects how many among the people examined showed a positive response to tuberculin. The older people are, the greater the infection rate. By the age of forty, the probability of a positive response reaches 90%. Scientists have discovered that approximately every third inhabitant of the planet is infected with mycobacteria.
The risk of infection is determined by a special technique. It reflects the relationship between patients with different types of disease. Approximately one in ten infected sooner or later develops tuberculosis. If an infected minor is found, it is necessary to refer the child to chemotherapy. Isoniazid preparations are used to prevent the transformation into the acute stage. A number of studies have shown that nine out of ten patients have previously been identified as infected.
Check Features
A fluorographic examination, regularly performed among the adult population, is the main way to prevent the disease. You can find the pathology as soon as possible, at the stage when there are no symptoms yet. Responsibility for conducting examinations and for working with the public is assigned to the chief doctors of medical institutions, to hygienic, epidemiological centers and to persons managing health centers, district central hospitals, sanitary sites and hospital facilities assigned to specific sites.
Although normally pictures are taken once a year or two, in some cases a deviation from this rule is possible. In the region, they can issue an order devoted to fluorographic examination, establishing a specialized frequency of procedures for the area. At the same time, they are guided by information about the epidemiological situation. For example, in favorable conditions, a one-time study with a three-year periodicity may be sufficient, and when stressed, each person is shown to be checked annually, and in some separate categories that are at increased risk, even more often. Preventive measures can be carried out selectively, there are continuous ones, to which all citizens over the age of seventeen are attracted. Such inspections are organized within a settlement, regional, when there are recommendations from the authorities responsible for the epidemiological situation.
To whom and how
When taking orders on the rules and frequency of fluorographic examinations, responsible persons should take into account that sampling events are mandatory annually, and the contingent for such measures is people more than others who are at risk of getting sick. Mandatory group - citizens who can infect a large number of people. This includes those who are in contact with minors at work, working in the field of training, education, medicine, sports. They include staff of maternity hospitals and employees of resorts and resorts. It is mandatory to annually undergo examinations for those who work in stalls and stores offering food, packaging, and other products that help sell food. A special approach is required for those who serve the population - employees of bathhouses, saunas, pharmacies, ateliers and other organizations of a similar area.
When issuing orders on fluorography, the responsible persons should separately discuss the rules for examining seventeen-year-old students and persons older than they are still studying in schools, institutions of secondary, higher, professional, general academic profile. , , , .
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The dangers of contracting mycobacteria with an acute transition to the acute form are inherent in AIDS patients, HIV-infected, diabetics, patients with pneumoconiosis, and COPD. Risks associated with previously transferred exudative pleurisy, gastrointestinal ulcer. More often, tuberculosis is determined by clients of hospitals working in the field of psychiatry, narcology. The dangers are associated with hormonal, radiation therapy and treatment with cytostatics. A separate risk category is X-ray positive citizens. The dangers are associated with the period following the birth of the woman's recovery.
What's next?
If fluorography showed pulmonary changes, within 48 hours it is necessary to call a person for an additional examination, and information about the event is entered in the individual citizen card. If pathology is not detected, the card is stored for at least five years. With pathological changes, the storage duration reaches a decade. An untimely detected disease is a case that requires a thorough analysis and formulation of the reasons that did not allow determining the pathology in the early stages.