Morphological analysis of the prepositions "in", "on", "for", "by", "and"

How to make a morphological analysis of the preposition? You will find the answer to this question in this article.

general information

Before you talk about how the morphological analysis of the preposition is carried out, you should understand what this part of speech is all about.

As you know, the preposition is the auxiliary part of speech, which expresses the dependence of pronouns, numerals and nouns on other words in sentences and phrases. Here is an example: to leave the house, go along the road, go into the building, enter the apartment, etc.

Parse plan

Morphological analysis of the preposition must be carried out strictly according to the plan, which is as follows:

1. Identify part of speech.

2. Identify morphological features, namely:

• derivative preposition or non-derivative;
• which discharge has a value;
• structure
• immutability.

3. Syntactic function. This part should indicate whether the parsed preposition is a member of a sentence or not.

As you can see, the parsing scheme is quite simple. In order to correctly apply it in practice, you should familiarize yourself with all the features of the preposition in more detail.

We determine the part of speech

To make a morphological analysis of the preposition, first you need to find out what part of the speech it refers to. To do this, it is enough to determine with which particular word it is used in a sentence or phrase.

Let us give an example: "He spent three days in the forest."

Morphological analysis of the preposition “c” allows us to find out that it serves to connect words, refers to a noun (in the forest), and also has an instrumental case.

We reveal morphological signs

As mentioned above, morphological features of prepositions include:

• productivity;
• discharge;
• structure;
• immutability.

To correctly identify such signs, it is necessary to consider them in more detail.

Performance

By their origin, absolutely all prepositions are divided into two groups:

1. Non-derivatives. Unofficially, such prepositions are sometimes called primitives. Their difference from derivatives is that by education they can in no way be correlated with any part of speech. Such prepositions include the following: c, c, p, s, y, o, and, on, from, for, etc. By the way, their variety is complex prepositions, consisting of two parts: from under, due, and over and so forth
2. Derivatives. The origin of such prepositions is associated with other parts of speech:

Formed from adverbs: around, near, around, the day before, inside, according to, across. For example, “standing near a building” is an excuse, and “standing near” is an adverb.

Derived from nouns: due to or during. For example: “during the stream” is a noun with a preposition, and “within a minute” is a preposition.

They came from the gerunds: - despite or thanks. For example: “not looking in that direction” is the participle, and “despite the joy” is an excuse.

So, we will find out how to carry out a morphological analysis of the preposition “in” (in the sentence “He stayed in the forest for three days”) on this basis. This is quite easy to do, because this preposition is not formed from any part of speech. Therefore, it is non-derivative.

Discharge

How to make a morphological analysis of the preposition “on” and determine its rank? First you need to understand what this feature is in general.

By their meaning, prepositions can be divided into the following categories:

1. Spatial. Such prepositions indicate a particular place. These include: through, outside, on, due, about, to, y, beside, inside, in, near, from, near, behind, among, under, from under, along, to, through, before, against, past, around, between, above, across, etc. For example: on the mountain, behind the house, near the building, around the house, in the head, around the corner, in front of the object, etc.
2. Temporary. Such prepositions indicate time. These include: during, until, after, in, through, s, the day before, etc. For example: on Friday, until the evening, from Thursday, after a month, for three minutes, on the eve of the wedding, throughout the week, etc.
3. Causal. Such pretexts indicate one reason or another. These include: due, due, due, from, due to, due, thanks, etc. For example: from hunger, due to illness, due to illness, due to death, due to perseverance, due to ill health, etc.
4. Targeted. Such prepositions indicate the goal. These include: for the sake of, for, for, for, for, etc. For example: for the sake of bliss, for an overnight stay, for mushrooms, for the good of the state, for mushrooms, etc.
5. Modus operandi. Such prepositions indicate any mode of action. These include: without, with, for, in, etc. For example: without excitement, with enthusiasm, heart to heart, etc.
6. Additional. Such prepositions indicate a particular subject where a certain action is directed. These include: about, about, by, about, about, s, etc. For example: about a father, with a friend, about a guy, about a girl, etc.

As you can see, the same prepositions can belong to completely different categories. That is why it is always necessary to pay attention to the context.

To make a morphological analysis of the preposition “on” and determine its rank, it is necessary to read the sentence or phrase where it is used.

For example: "On a mountain stood a tall and old tree."

In this case, the preposition refers to the spatial category, since it indicates a specific place (on the mountain).

Structure

Morphological analysis of the preposition and determination of all its signs is quite easy to carry out. But this is only if you know all the features of such a service part of speech.

So, let us consider in more detail what types of prepositions are divided by their composition:

1. Simple. Such prepositions consist of only one word and have only one root. For example: above, y, by, about, thanks, etc.
2. Compound. Such prepositions consist of 2 or more words. For example: unlike, despite, in the sequel, etc.
3. Complicated. Such prepositions have 2 roots, between which a hyphen is put. For example: from under, from, for, above, etc.

Thus, making a morphological analysis of the preposition “by”, which is used in the sentence “Many birds flew across the sky”, it should be indicated that this is a service and simple part of speech, since it consists of only one word.

Immutability

Prepositions, however, like any other auxiliary parts of speech, never change. In this regard, in a written morphological analysis of a particular word, it is necessary to write that it is unchangeable.

Syntax function

As you know, prepositions are not separate members of sentences. Although they are still included in their composition and are emphasized along with independent words.

An example of analysis of a preposition (morphological)

To consolidate the material, it is recommended to perform the following practical exercise:

To make a morphological analysis of the preposition “for”, which is used in the sentence: “Behind the house is a large, but dried tree”.

1. In this sentence, the preposition “for” is necessary to connect the phrase. It refers to a noun (behind the house) and is used in the instrumental case.
2. The preposition “for” is non-derivative, since it does not originate from any part of speech.
3. The preposition “for” refers to a spatial category, since it indicates a specific place.
4. The preposition “for” is simple, as it consists of only one word.
5. The pretext “for” is unchangeable.
6. The preposition “for” is not a member of the sentence. However, it is part of the circumstances (behind the house) and emphasized accordingly.