Each kidney hormone performs its own functions and is considered vital. Some diseases contribute to the hyper- or hypovirus production of renin, erythropoietin, prostaglandin, and calcitriol. A failure in the human body always leads to disastrous results, therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the urinary system as one of the fundamental.
Human urinary system
Responsible for the normalization of blood pressure and preservation of hormonal levels.
Since a person is 80% water that brings beneficial substances and toxins, the urinary system filters and removes excess moisture. The cleansing structure includes: two kidneys, a pair of ureters, an urethra and a bladder.
The components of the urinary system are a complex anatomical mechanism. Various infections affect him, as a result of which the functioning of the entire system is disrupted.
Kidney function
Their main functions are as follows:
- excretion of protein decay products and toxins from the body;
- participation in the metabolic processes of the body;
- a change in blood from arterial to venous;
- participation in the allocation processes;
- stable maintenance of the quantitative and qualitative composition of trace elements ions;
- regulation of water-salt and acid-base balance;
- neutralization of products from the environment;
- hormone production;
- blood filtration and urine formation.
Kidney hormones and their functions are studied by doctors to identify new methods of normalizing the body’s health.
Kidney hormones
The human urinary system is important for the functioning of the whole organism. The hormone that is produced in the kidneys is not one, there are several: renin, calcitriol, erythropoietin, prostaglandins. The health of the body without these substances is impossible, although they do not belong to the endocrine system. After an operation to remove one or two organs (kidneys), the doctor prescribes hormone replacement therapy.
Renin
The presented kidney hormone contributes to the normalization of blood pressure due to the narrowing of the vascular lumen when the body loses a large amount of fluid and salt. Renin is produced inside the walls of the kidneys. After that, the substance is distributed through the lymphatic and circulatory systems.
Renin Functions:
- increased secretion of aldosterone;
- increased thirst.
In small quantities, renin is produced:
- liver;
- uterus;
- blood vessels.
The increased content of renin adversely affects the health of the body:
- The appearance of hypertension. The whole cardiovascular system suffers from an increase in hormone levels. A complicating factor is age, which is why over 70% of people suffer from hypertension after 45 years.
- The development of kidney disease. Hypertension causes the kidneys to filter blood under high pressure. Due to the increased load, the cleaning mechanisms may interfere with their work. This becomes the cause of poor blood filtration and the appearance of signs of intoxication, inflammation of the excretory system.
- The development of heart failure. High blood pressure negatively affects the ability of the heart to pump large amounts of blood.
Erythropoietin
The kidneys secrete a hormone called erythropoietin. Its production depends on the presence of oxygen in the circulatory system. With its small amount, the hormone is released and stimulates the maturation of erythroblasts. An increase in the number of red blood cells helps to reduce hypoxia in the organs.
With sufficient oxygen, erythropoietin is not released, and the number of red blood cells does not increase. People suffering from anemia take medications with the indicated hormone as prescribed by a doctor. Increased risks are observed in patients with oncology who have undergone chemotherapy.
Since in men testosterone also contributes to the production of this hormone, the normal level of red blood cells in the stronger sex is greater.
Prostaglandins
The presented hormone of the kidneys can be of various types: A, D, E, I. They are less studied than their counterparts. Their synthesis is stimulated by arterial hypertension, inflammatory processes, pyelonephritis or ischemia. A hormone is formed in the brain of the kidneys.
The functions of prostaglandins are:
- increased daily diuresis;
- excretion of sodium ions from the body;
- increased salivation and decreased formation of stomach acid;
- expansion of vascular lumens;
- stimulating smooth muscle contraction;
- regulation of water-salt balance;
- stimulating the production of renin;
- normalization of blood pressure;
- activation of blood flow in the glomeruli of nephrons.
Calcitriol
Throughout life, the body produces this hormone. Peak production occurs in childhood and adolescence.
- The hormone regulates the amount of calcium in the skeletal system and promotes the active growth of the body.
- It promotes the absorption of vitamin D 3 , which a person receives from the sun and from food.
- Calcium ions activate the functions of the cilia in the intestine, due to which more nutrients enter the body.
Hormones affecting the kidneys
These include:
- Aldosterone Its secretion is stimulated by a decrease in the amount of sodium in the blood plasma. Aldosterone is necessary to activate the reabsorption of the specified trace element and the excretion of potassium.
- Cortisol. Enhances the acidity of urine and promotes the formation of ammonia.
- Mineralocorticoids. Contribute to the complete release of water.
- Vasopressin. A small amount of substance causes the development of central diabetes insipidus. The component is needed to reabsorb water and maintain the amount in the body, as well as to concentrate urine.
- Parathyroid hormone. It is necessary to increase the level of calcium in the body, promotes the excretion of phosphates and bicarbonate.
- Calcitonin. The main function of the substance is to reduce bone resorption.
- Atrial natriuretic peptide . It promotes the elimination of sodium, the relaxation of vascular muscles, lowering blood pressure and reducing blood volume.
Kidney hormone, for whatever function is responsible, must be produced by the body without disturbance. Otherwise, pathologies of the urinary system will cause irreparable harm to human health.