Our speech is incredibly diverse and rich. Someone writes: “Hello, how are you?”, And someone: “Great, well, how is life young?”. Someone in a speech tries to use neutral words, and someone, without hesitation, uses colloquial vocabulary. But what is it? Spoken and colloquial vocabulary is a large layer of vocabulary of the Russian language. What it consists of, how it is formed, how it differs from stylistically neutral or bookish, you will learn from this article on simple and understandable examples.
What is colloquial and colloquial vocabulary? Examples of colloquial words
The vocabulary of the colloquial style includes words that give speech a free character. In comparison with the literary language is considered stylistically reduced.
Colloquial vocabulary - words with a stylistically reduced connotation.
Examples of colloquial and colloquial words: son, goof, tipotka, grandmother, schucher, crybaby, daughter, flip-flop, dorm, thrash, blooper, dog, harya, here, muzzle, blunt, Svenovsky, shipper, ruling, grandmother, nonsense, carrion, type, gopnik, reptile, dyke, butch.
Emotional coloring of colloquial vocabulary
Have you ever noticed how expressive our speech is? And you thought, where does so much imagery come from? The emotionality of a greater number of colloquial words is created by the portability of their meanings: vinaigrette (mixing heterogeneous concepts), sticking (pestering with obsession), kennel (cramped, dirty room), kalancha (tall person), battle (noisy quarrel), dragonfly ( mobile girl, girl).
But not all conversational expressions can express emotional appreciation. Colloquial words do not have this ability: in an embrace, a ticket agent, really, go back, hitherto, a personnel officer, soda, not dressed up, renewal, a smoke break, instantly, go down like a carpentry, etc.
What relates to colloquial vocabulary? Her types
It is important to understand that some phrases often used in our speech are not colloquial. For example, the word “mother” is not colloquial, but stylistically neutral, in contrast to its other form - “mother”. How to distinguish them? Neutral vocabulary does not seem "alien" in book styles.
Among the colloquial vocabulary, several groups can be distinguished:
- Slang vocabulary.
- Vocabulary argo.
- Neologisms.
- Professionalism words.
- Slang.
- Dialectisms.
Jargon vocabulary (jargon) is a vocabulary used by a narrow circle of people united by something. Examples of colloquial words in slang vocabulary: gerych (heroin), birthday (birthday), chocolate (good relations), bodyaga (long, boring conversation), oar (spoon), lave (money), golem (dumb), nishtyak (great), hamster (browser home page).
Vocabulary argo (argotism) - words or expressions of a closed group of persons. This section of vocabulary was formed thanks to prison or camp conversations, in which they tried to classify information as strongly as possible. Examples of colloquial and colloquial words among argotisms: blot (thieves), tramp (rightful criminal), guard / circus (employee of the pre-trial detention center), wolf ticket (certificate of release), load (give evidence), drake (nonsense, something worthless) , sting / sharpening (face), rat (stealing from his own), malyav (note), murka (concepts), lean back (free).
Neologisms are expressions created to describe new phenomena, most often borrowed. Due to the large abundance of new expressions, neologisms soon lose their status and become part of an active vocabulary. Examples of colloquial words: hype (excitement), trash (something terrible), demisexual (a person who can only enter into relationships with someone close to him), reader (writer), harassment (harassment, threats, harassment).
Professionalism - vocabulary used only in certain professions. Examples of colloquial words: blunder (typo), steering wheel (steering wheel), pan (synchrophasotron), flash drive (fluorography), cargo-200 (killed soldiers), film (ECG), tube (tuberculosis), physa (saline solution).
Slang - words and expressions used by people of certain professions or age groups. Examples: step / scholarship (scholarship), dormitory (hostel), tails (academic debt), shipper / peyring (to represent someone as a couple, and it does not matter if they are a real couple), crash (adoring object), Stanit / fanat (to love some famous person, to be a fan), academician (academic leave), spurs (cribs), keyboard (keyboard), DR (birthday).
Dialecticisms are phrases whose sphere of use is limited to a certain territory. Examples of colloquial words among dialecticisms: to clumsy / gutar (talk), beetroot (beet), kochet (rooster), Zenki (eyes), scraper (neighbor), popelitsa (ashes), dezhka (wooden barrel), bases (yard), kryga (ice floe), homonok (wallet).
Word formation
But colloquial vocabulary is replenished not only thanks to new expressions or new figurative meanings. Often, old words from book speech easily turn into colloquial because of different ways of combining phrases: sliders, homeless children, microwave, smoking room, mobile; abbreviations: IMHO (I have an opinion, I want to voice it), BUR (barracks of enhanced regime); and morphemic units:
- Suffix -yag- tramp, goner, dude, hag.
- The suffix is hedgehog, whining, cramming.
- Confix on -____- onka slowly, slowly.
- The suffix -isch- sumis, a tooth, a cat.
- Various diminutive suffixes -k-, -ek-, -ik-, -ok- son, fungus, babies.
Conclusion
Now you know what colloquial language is, saw its examples. After reading, try to follow your speech: how many do you use these phrases? The less of them in your speech, the better. But even these words cannot be completely excluded from your vocabulary. Otherwise, how to convince the bully whom you met somewhere in the alley that your phone and wallet will not be useful to him in any way?