Currently, the word "ecology" sounds often enough. This important and complex science attracts not only eminent scientists, but also novice researchers. In order to make a good project on the topic “Ecology of the environment”, the child must master the skills of research work.
Relevance of research
After the introduction of educational standards of the second generation in kindergartens and schools, a mandatory element of each curriculum was the participation of children in design and research. The involvement of the younger generation in such activities contributes to the formation of an active civic position. A social science project on the theme “Ecology of my city” can be the beginning of a great deal of creative work aimed at improving the quality of life in one’s hometown.
How to decide on a theme
The most difficult stage for children is the choice of material for conducting their own experiments.
That is why the theme of research projects in ecology is often offered by a teacher-mentor. Since this science connects several areas at once, the works considered by children use knowledge in mathematics, physics, economics, chemistry, biology, and social science.
Work items
Any project on the theme "Ecological problems of my city" involves setting goals, research objectives, hypotheses, and the choice of methodology. In order to evaluate the novelty of the material being created, a hypothesis (assumption) is put forward.
For example, a project on the topic “Ecology and Economics” involves the selection of effective means of improving the environmental situation. It is difficult to imagine quality material on this problem without mathematical calculations, so this topic is suitable for high school students.
The project on the theme “Ecology of the city” is available to primary school students. It can be designed in the form of a beautiful presentation, using ICT for this.
The topics of environmental projects chosen by schoolchildren should be of interest to the researchers themselves. Otherwise, it will be difficult to talk about a successful and high-quality experiment.
Examples
Consider the topics of environmental projects that modern students can use in their scientific research:
- "Man and the environment."
- "The effects of carbon dioxide on human health."
- "An effective remedy for the prevention of colds."
- "How much money the state loses due to poor ecology."
- "The negative impact of loud music on the psyche of adolescents."
The themes of environmental projects may be different, the above is just a small list of them. Before starting his own experiment, the young scientist, together with his mentor, formulates the tasks and thinks out a work plan.
Depending on the topic of the project on ecology, a certain methodology for conducting experiments and experiments is selected. In addition to carrying out the work itself, it is important to pay attention to the presentation of its results.
Some topics of environmental projects involve the creation of documentaries, computer presentations, so the author will require possession of modern digital equipment.
Human health
An interesting project on the topic “Ecology and Man” can be done on the basis of an anonymous sociological survey. For example, if you use a simple technique, you can determine the level of oral hygiene in students. We offer a project on the topic "Ecology and Man", which a high school student can carry out.
"Teeth are very important for normal life and human activity. With their help, food is processed mechanically. This gives a person the opportunity to use foods of different densities. If food that does not undergo normal grinding comes into the stomach, this will lead to serious diseases of the gastrointestinal intestinal tract.
Mankind has learned to protect its physical health, to remain competent until old age. Thanks to a healthy lifestyle, good medical development, people have become much more resilient and active.
Enamel is a natural factor that can resist tooth decay. Nature took care to protect people from various "aggressors" and to ensure the resistance of tooth tissues to the negative effects of chemical compounds of organic and inorganic origin. But do we take good care of our "white diamonds"? "
Purpose and objectives of the work
The goal is to evaluate the quality of tooth brushing in students of different ages.
Tasks:
- analyze the methodology for determining the hygiene index;
- consider the main functions of different toothpastes;
- determine the hygiene index in students of different ages;
- to analyze the results;
- draw conclusions from the study, give some recommendations
Experiment hypothesis: the hygiene index is determined by the age of the students.
Theoretical part
An individual project on the theme "Ecology and Man" characterizes the features of tooth enamel. It is a solid mineral substance in which minor organic compounds are allowed. Tooth enamel has high mechanical strength. This material is resistant to organic acids. Low solubility explains an insignificant level of exchange interactions. Such properties give enamel the ability to withstand significant temperature jumps. Exchange processes in enamel are explained by chemical and physical laws.
Enamel crystals have a special organic network that cementes them. Owing to such a special structure of intercrystalline matter, and features of the crystal itself, osmotic and diffusion processes actively occur in enamel.
About one percent of its composition is water. It, together with mineral and organic substances, forms lymph. With its systematic circulation, enamel permeability is ensured, it becomes possible to get inside organic and mineral salts.
Risk factors
With age, there is a decrease in metabolic processes and permeability of tooth enamel. That is why the risk of caries increases significantly. Solid food and thorough chewing strengthen the enamel, increase its strength and acid resistance.
In order to prevent serious troubles, it is important to strengthen tooth enamel and increase its durability. Among the effective preventive measures that can solve this problem, we note the use of the vitamin complex, the use of calcium salts. For example, the use of calcium carbonate and bicarbonate promotes the formation of a protective shell.
Also, as prophylactic agents, substances are used, in the composition of which there is fluorine, other trace elements.
Fluoride with tooth enamel forms a strong connection, which significantly reduces its solubility, gives it strength in relation to carbohydrates, various bacteria. Of course, before embarking on a prophylaxis, you need to get a consultation with a dentist.
Toothpastes are hygienic, do not erase hard tooth tissues, do not become infected during storage. Pastes cleanse teeth well. They remove plaque, prevent the formation of tartar.
Useful Tips
Proper care for your teeth, which is complemented by a healthy, balanced diet, healthy lifestyle, will certainly bring positive results. This behavior is a great way to prevent tooth decay. Note that now in the world the production of tooth powders and pastes has increased significantly.
The main dental diseases are tooth decay and periodontal disease. The word "caries" should be understood as a significant softening and violation of the hardness of the dental tissue, the appearance of the cavity.
As the main causes of caries, experts note the destruction of the enamel layer under the influence of aggressive substances.
The development of this dental disease is the result of several factors at once: the action of microorganisms, malnutrition, instability of tooth enamel. Microorganisms that accumulate on the surface during the hydrolysis of carbohydrates form an acid that destroys teeth.
Prevention
The caries prevention program involves certain actions:
- restriction of sugar intake, especially between meals;
- high-quality oral care, thanks to which plaque is removed in a timely manner;
- additional enrichment of the body with fluorine preparations in case of insufficient content in drinking water and food products.
Tooth enamel is a combination of inorganic compounds. From a chemical point of view, it can be considered as a representative of the apatite group. Among one hundred different natural compounds of apatite, fluorapatite is more similar to tooth enamel. That is why it is so important that the body does not lack fluoride.
Fluorapatite is formed in tooth enamel only when fluorine preparations in the optimal amount enter the body. This guarantees the resistance of the teeth to caries. The first sign of the disease is the appearance of a chalky white or yellow spot on the surface of a healthy tooth. It appears as a result of the gradual dissolution of tooth enamel. At this stage of the carious process, pain is completely absent or slightly expressed: slight sensitivity to sweet, sour or temperature stimuli (cold or hot) may occur.
The sensitivity is so insignificant that, as a rule, they do not pay attention to it. Proper oral hygiene is an integral part of the complex of all preventive measures aimed at ensuring the reduction of diseases of the teeth and periodontium.
Features of funds
Currently, manufacturers offer a range of diverse toothpastes. Their main components are abrasive (cleaning), gelling, and also foam-forming substances, which significantly improve its taste. Abrasive substances allow polishing and cleaning teeth from plaque.
Laboratory studies have found that abrasive substances enter into chemical interaction with inorganic substances in tooth enamel. That is why, in addition to chalk, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, aluminum oxide, is introduced into toothpastes.
Often manufacturers try to use several components at once, which significantly improves the quality of the finished product.
Any abrasive compound has a certain degree of hardness, as well as certain chemical properties. The mechanical strength, as well as resistance to chemical components of the manufactured finished product, directly depends on them.
Foaming agents are often used in toothpastes. For example, these may be surface active compounds. Like other chemical components, they are able to negatively affect the mucous membrane of the oral cavity. The compounds used should not affect the taste parameters of the paste, its appearance, and mechanical characteristics.
conclusions
After the experiment, the following conclusions were made:
- A poor hygiene index suggests that children do not care enough for their teeth.
- The hypothesis posed at the beginning of the work was not confirmed. During the experiment, it was possible to find out that there is no direct relationship between oral hygiene and age.
- Also, the ignorance of students about the correct methods of brushing can affect the quality of toothbrushing.
Recommendations
In order to avoid troubles with teeth, we offer:
- hold special conversations for students about the importance of caring for their teeth, how to do it right;
- To care for the oral cavity, it is necessary to use those toothpastes that the dentist will advise, based on the individual characteristics of the patient, and not the advertised means.
The material presented above can be used as a biology project on the subject of “Ecology and Man” in carrying out the practical tasks of the Olympiad.