What is a pension for an elderly person? Is it important to him or not? Why? What are its types? What is a pension in terms of maintaining the stability of the social interaction mechanism? All of these questions can be answered in this article.
Pension - what is it?
This is the name of monthly cash payments, which are assigned to specific individuals as the main source of livelihood under certain conditions. There are three types of pensions:
Each of them has its own characteristics, which will be discussed later in the article. The amount of payments that a person receives is determined by the highest state institutions. The list of persons who can count on such income is formed by federal laws. The main body that deals with the affairs of pensioners is the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation.
Labor pension
It is prescribed when a person becomes incapacitated by virtue of reaching an advanced age. To get it, you must engage in labor or other useful activities. It can be paid in old age. She is appointed even when the individual has worked out a certain due period: in this case it will be a pension for the length of service. This allows you to cover all areas of human activity, taking into account most features.
Pension is the most common form of remuneration for work for the benefit of society. Its size directly depends on the worked experience, earnings, and also insurance premiums. By the way, earlier these parts were indexed separately. But in 2010, everything changed. And now the entire labor pension is indexed. Thanks to a special mechanism, the insurance part is not just allocated into a separate category. So, let's figure out what an insurance pension is. What is she like?
Insurance pension
This is a monthly cash payment, which compensates citizens for the salary or other income that they received during their work. Also, these payments can be claimed by people who are members of the insured's family if he has died.
What are the features of such an income? You need to know that a certain fixed payment is being established. It is completely dependent on the type of insurance pension. Each year, the state indexes the amount of payment. It can be appointed ahead of schedule, but only under certain conditions. This is possible only if the person worked in such types of work, where an increased individual pension coefficient is in effect . An insurance pension is a type of payment in a similar case, which begins when 60 and 55 years old by a man and a woman, respectively. The right to this is enjoyed by certain social and professional categories of citizens.
Social pension
In practice, the term “manual” would be more suitable for this concept. Social pension may be granted in such situations:
- Upon reaching old age. Women and men (over 60 and 65 years old, respectively), whose working experience is less than five years, can count on it. At the moment, payments are provided in the amount of about 5 thousand rubles. In addition to the above individuals, representatives of small indigenous peoples of the north can apply for a pension. Here the term is as follows: 50 and 55 years for women and men, respectively. The government has created a special list of nationalities for which such a pension is available. This is done only for those who live in indigenous areas and engage in the fishery characteristic of them: hunting, reindeer husbandry and so on.
- By loss of breadwinner and disability. In the first case, it is available only to underage children, as well as to those who are under 23 receiving full-time education at an educational institution. A disability pension can only be obtained if a person has been assigned a group 1, 2 or 3. Moreover, this should be confirmed by an act of medical examination. Payments range from 4 to 11.5 thousand rubles.
Features of receiving social pensions
The fact is that before there were legal conflicts. They were legally permitted only in 2010. It should be remembered that only a person who does not receive labor pension can apply for a social pension. The conditions are as follows:
- A person does not meet the requirements due to which a labor pension is accrued.
- First, an application was submitted for the appointment of TP, but then it was withdrawn before the amount was determined.
- There is a right to a retirement pension, but a person did not apply for its calculation.
- TP was appointed, but its recipient refused it, while submitting a corresponding application.
It is always necessary to remember that a person can count on receiving only one of the pensions.
The size of pensions in the Russian Federation and the world
Let's look at the size of these payments in the Russian Federation and in other countries of the world. Verified information will be taken, therefore, in the article we present the exact pensions in 2015:
- Social - 8300 rubles.
- Military invalids - 28,490 rubles.
- The loss of a breadwinner - 8040 rubles.
- By disability - 7994 rubles.
- Labor old age - 13 900 rubles.
As a comparative example, one can also cite the average pension in Moscow - 14 thousand rubles. Now let's walk around the world. Different countries (including our neighbors) will act as objects of consideration. Payments converted to Russian rubles:
- Ukraine - 4 thousand rubles.
- Belarus - 9916.24 rubles.
- Kazakhstan - 14,166 rubles.
- Greece - 32,468.59 rubles.
- Germany - 79 329,99 rubles.
- USA. Here, the amount of payment is about 67,997 rubles. But keep in mind that the pension in this country is calculated in a special way. And it cannot be considered as such in the full sense. Here, a significant pensioner income is the return on investment.
- Armenia. If the Ukrainian situation can be explained by the war and the reluctance of the elites to work for the good of the country, then this state is simply characterized by a low pension, which amounts to 5666.42 rubles.
- Bulgaria. She has the lowest rate in the entire European Union. It is 7932.99 rubles.
- Georgia. Due to the difficult economic situation in the country, the average payment is approximately 3399.85 rubles.
- Estonia. The size of pensions in it is kept at the level of Moscow. And is 14,449.37 rubles.
- Finland. The leader of our list. The pension in it in 2015 is 112,317.51 rubles.
About the Russian Federation put in a word
As you can see, retirement is pretty good support for the elderly. Of course, due to a number of different factors it is inappropriate to compare only one parameter. As an addition, it would not hurt to figure out how much the consumer basket costs in different countries and what is included in it. Nevertheless, the pension helps pensioners to more or less worthily spend their days.
Conclusion
As you can see, the Russian Federation cannot boast of the highest pensions in the world. But in the CIS, things are going pretty well. Of course, this is not the only parameter that must be resorted to in order to have an idea of the standard of living. So, when compared with Ukrainian pensions, a significant gap can be noted. But due to the fact that the main consumer products are several times cheaper than those sold in the vast Russian Federation, the difference is not as big as it seems at first glance. Therefore, to determine where pensioners live better, it is necessary to look not only at the size of sovereign payments, but also at the cost of basic foodstuffs, utility bills and medicines.