The education system faces many critical challenges. But a special place among them is the search for such an organization of the process that would allow us to form an individual approach in the upbringing and education of children. Only in this case is it possible for the child to receive not only the necessary amount of skills, abilities and knowledge, but also the development of his desire for self-knowledge and self-development.
Relevance of the topic
How important is the technology of an individual approach in the education and upbringing of children? The answer to this question can be obtained if we recall that it is a person who is the highest value of our society. That is why so much attention is paid to the upbringing of each personality, concern for improving its qualities and the multifaceted development of abilities. All these tasks are priority for any state.
An obvious fact is the existence of individual differences between people. This is the answer to the question.
An individual approach to the education and upbringing of a child is necessary due to the fact that with any pedagogical impact, the personal abilities of a person are refracted through the changed “internal conditions”. Without this factor, the process of education and training loses its effectiveness.
Definition of a concept
The main goal of our society is the comprehensive development of all its citizens. The solution to this problem is possible only through the identification of the creative potential of the personality, as well as the formation of its individuality, which is the highest level of development. After all, each person must certainly identify, that is, "fulfill" himself. And this is not only the goal of his life, but also the main task of society as a whole.
Moreover, such a form of education as an individual approach to learning does not oppose such a principle as collectivity. And this is confirmed by scientific research. A person’s “I” takes place precisely because “we” exist.
An individual approach to training and education is far from a one-time event. They need to permeate the entire system that affects the child. In this regard, this approach can be called the general principle of education of the younger generation.
An individual approach in training, as well as in upbringing, aims to strengthen the positive personality traits of the personality and eliminate deficiencies in its behavior. Having sufficient pedagogical skills and timely intervention, you can avoid further such painful and undesirable process as re-education.
An individual approach to learning will require a lot of patience from an adult, as well as the ability to correctly understand various manifestations of a child’s behavior.
An individual approach in teaching, as well as in upbringing, is an integral part of the pedagogical process. With its help, children are involved in active activities aimed at mastering program material.
The essence of an individual approach
An appeal to the specific personality of the child should be present at each link in the educational and educational work with children of all ages. What is the essence of such an individual approach? It is expressed in the direct pedagogical impact on the child in solving common problems facing the team. In this case, the teacher or educator must take into account the living conditions and mental characteristics of the individual.
We can safely say that the principle of an individual approach in teaching, as well as in education, is the main thing in pedagogical practice. In its implementation, an adult must:
- know and understand their students;
- to love children;
- be able to reflect and analyze;
- adhere to a sound theoretical balance.
The teacher should always remember that the child is a self-directed subject of his own development. However, he always needs the support of an adult.
The implementation of an individual approach in training, as well as in education, is impossible without taking into account the psychophysical aspects. Consider these factors in more detail.
Level of mental development
This is the first aspect that should be considered when an individual approach is taken in the education of preschool children and students of general educational institutions.
The teacher should study the level of mental development of the child. This is necessary for his further successful training. If this indicator is of a high level, then the pupil will quickly perceive and comprehend the material, remember it well and reproduce it, and then hold it in memory longer. The knowledge gained, in this case, will be successfully used in the performance of subsequent tasks.
An individual approach to teaching children and their upbringing, which is based on the level of mental development, is built by the teacher taking into account the zone of his immediate impact. In this case, the adult should not differentiate the task itself, but the measure of assistance that he offers the child. For example, some pupils not only themselves perform this or that activity, but also explain the course of its implementation to comrades. Others are able to complete the task, adhering to a certain algorithm. The third ones will need the help of a teacher.
Type of nervous system
This is the second aspect that must be taken into account when implementing an individual approach to the child. According to the conclusions made by modern researchers, the properties that are inherent in the human nervous system are genotypic in nature.
In other words, they are practically unchanged and stable personality traits. That is why it is impossible not to reckon with this factor.
The main properties of the nervous system: mobility-inertness and strength-weakness.
Type of thinking
This is the third and rather important aspect that the teacher should take into account when he will implement an individual approach in the learning process. Children, like adults, solve their tasks in different ways. Some of them have an analytical mindset. He finds his manifestation in verbal-logical abstract thinking. Others find it easier to think in images. In this case, artistic thinking is manifested.
There are also people in whom these two components are in equilibrium. In this case, we can talk about a harmonious mindset. Existing differences occur in connection with the functional asymmetry of the cerebral hemispheres. This is what the educator should take into account when he will take an individual approach in teaching students or preschoolers.
So, children with an artistic type of mind begin to comprehend any material only after an emotional inclusion. At first, they rely on images and ideas, and only then analyze all the components and draw their conclusions.
Children of a mental type begin to solve tasks by building logical chains. They analyze all the components and think in symbols. In their algorithm for solving problems, logical thinking predominates. The emotional coloring of parts, as a rule, simply prevents them from thinking.
Modality of perception
This is the fourth and also important aspect taken into account by the teacher in an individual approach to children. Observing the child’s behavior, one can be convinced that the way in which he learns the world around him has a huge impact on his level of adaptation in society, physical development and learning success.
Carefully following this aspect, even at a young age it can be assumed what problems the kid will face when studying at school. Knowing the way of learning, parents, educators, teachers and psychologists can correctly build games and activities with the child. This will make the most of the learning process.
The perception of information can be visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. At the first of them, the child's education should be carried out thanks to the visual perception of the information provided. The auditory type indicates that it is easier for the pupil to remember all the materials by ear. Some children perceive information only as a result of their own activities. In such cases, we can talk about the kinesthetic type of perception of the world.
Health status
This aspect is of particular importance in cases where the organization of education and training of children with physical defects and disorders in somatic development is required. But the teacher must always take into account such psychological characteristics of children as fears and anxiety, self-doubt and neurosis. Underestimation of all these psychophysical characteristics of the pupils causes tremendous harm to their health.
The teacher needs to know that mental disorders in children can be associated with factors such as:
- somatic diseases;
- defects in physical development;
- stresses and various kinds of unfavorable factors relating to social living conditions.
Age features
What else should a teacher consider in the process of education? He needs to remember that his age-related characteristics are reflected in the personal development of any person. Depending on the past years, there is a change in the thinking of the individual, the circle of her interests and requests, as well as social manifestations. Each age has its own developmental limitations and opportunities. For example, memory and mental abilities most intensively expand in childhood and adolescence. If this is not taken into account in the process of training and education, then time will be lost. The opportunities of this period to use in a later period is very difficult. But at the same time, the educator should not run too far ahead, influencing the moral, mental and physical development of children. It is important to consider the age-related capabilities of the body.
Physical education
Modern scientists, based on the results of research, have made an amazing conclusion. They revealed a direct relationship between the mental, physical and moral development of man. The first of them affects the formation of the character of the personality. Physical perfection allows the organs of vision, hearing and feelings to develop. In addition, it is closely related to moral and labor education. At the same time, vigorous activity depends on the state of health of the child, and vice versa.
Games held with children also help to strengthen their will, discipline, organization and other moral qualities. Physical education is also connected with aesthetic education. Exercises that make the body beautiful. Human movements become agile. Posture and gait are correct.
With an individual approach to physical education in children, interest in active movements in the fresh air, in acquiring skills of a cultural and hygienic nature, etc. is aroused.
Moral education
In childhood and adolescence, the formation of moral standards occurs in children. They gain experience of behavior and develop their own attitude towards people. Through moral education of the child, the teacher can significantly affect the formation of the character and will of the child.
Conclusion
Showing the principle of an individual approach in the upbringing and education of children, the teacher should know:
1. Features of the health and physical condition of the child. His attention to the lesson, lesson and overall performance will largely depend on this.
2. Properties of memory, interests and inclinations of pupils. Taking these features into account, it becomes much easier to take an individual approach to the child, loading the stronger with additional classes and helping the weaker.
3. The mental and emotional sphere of children, identifying pupils with a painful reaction to comments and increased irritability. Understanding the nature of the child will allow you to most effectively organize collective activities.
Only knowledge of the developmental characteristics of each of the children, obtained by the teacher on the basis of an in-depth study of all factors, will create the necessary conditions for their successful use in the process of training and education.