In a modern school, whether it is secondary, general or professional, electronic teaching aids are currently developing at a rapid pace, due to the continuous improvement of technology. To master the necessary programs, interactive whiteboards and kodoskopov (rafoprojectors), computers, as well as the latest devices designed to reproduce information from digital media have appeared and are successfully used. Increased requirements for the development and improvement of teaching aids are presented in connection with the use of the Internet in educational institutions.
For the successful implementation of the pedagogical process, it is very important to involve as many different types of perception as possible among students. At the same time, visual-auditory combined forms are in the first place in importance. Due to the simultaneous exposure to a whole complex of stimuli, the learning process acquires special emotionality and strength. For this, electronic learning tools find their application. With their help, the student is influenced by a powerful stream of unusual and at the same time qualitative information. She creates the emotional foundation that allows without any difficulties to move from a sensual image to logical thinking.
Definition of a concept
What do we mean by electronic learning tools? The definition of this concept suggests that these are software tools in which a certain subject area is reflected and with the help of which it becomes possible to study it with the tools of information and communication technologies. Thus, ESOs create the conditions for the implementation of the most diverse areas of educational activity.
Currently, electronic learning tools are beginning to occupy an increasingly important place in the information and subject support of the pedagogical process. What is included in their composition?
ECO classification
The widespread use of computer devices and related telecommunication and information technologies leads to the creation of new directions in almost every area of public life. Education is no exception. Over the past two to three decades, computer technology, as well as its corresponding tools and technologies, have become an integral part of the educational process. So, for the preparation of schoolchildren and for the organization of education, informatization tools, which are called differently in various publications, find their application. These are pedagogical tools for educational purposes, and computer training tools, and pedagogical software tools. The above list of such terms is far from conclusive. But directly in the teaching of schoolchildren, the definition of ESO is used, which is identified with such a concept as an educational electronic publication. Abbreviated OEI.
Based on the existing classification of electronic learning tools, we note that their main types are:
- general purpose software utilities;
- electronic simulators;
- software designed to measure and control the level of skills, abilities and knowledge of students;
- software tools necessary for the implementation of simulation and mathematical modeling;
- reference information retrieval systems;
- laboratory software (virtual and remote access);
- EU - electronic textbooks;
- AOS - automated training systems;
- EOS - expert training systems;
- industrial systems, as well as their analogues, which are automation tools for professional activities, etc.
Electronic edition
This concept is more general when considering electronic teaching aids, as well as educational electronic publications.
What is EI? This publication includes a combination of textual, graphic, speech, digital, musical, photo, video and other information. It is performed either on any electronic medium or is published on a computer network. At the same time, the electronic publication contains systematic material devoted to the corresponding field of knowledge. The main task of EI is to provide students with creative and active mastery of skills in one or another subject.
Such electronic teaching aids should be distinguished by the highest level of decoration and execution, have the completeness of information, the quality of technical performance and methodological tools. They should also have a consistent, logical and clear presentation.
The use of electronic learning tools significantly improves the quality of audio and visual information. It becomes more dynamic, colorful and brighter. Huge opportunities in this regard are those types of electronic learning tools that are based on modern multimedia technologies.
It is worth noting the fact that ESOs can fundamentally change the ways of forming various types of information. If in the traditional visual training the studied object possessed a certain specificity, then with the advent of information technologies and electronic teaching aids, a dynamic interpretation of not only specific subjects, but also scientific concepts, theories and patterns, became possible.
Software Tools
Of all the existing types of electronic learning tools, these are used to automate the following:
- registration of documentation related to educational activities, routine calculations;
- data obtained as a result of experimental studies.
Software tools are used during practical laboratory classes, as well as for the organization of project and independent work of schoolchildren.
Tools for measuring and controlling knowledge
These e-learning tools in education have found particularly widespread use. This allowed the relative ease of their creation. Currently, a number of shell systems that can be used by a teacher are successfully used. Even a teacher who is not familiar with the basics of programming is capable of creating an electronic learning tool in the form of a list of questions on a particular educational topic, as well as possible answers to them. Using such tools allows you to free teachers from routine work related to the issuance of control tasks individually for each student, as well as checking the correctness of their results. This becomes especially relevant in mass education. When using such means of organizing e-learning, the teacher has the opportunity to more often carry out knowledge control using, among other things, self-control. All this allows you to stimulate the repetition and consolidation of the students learned material.
Electronic simulators
The main purpose of these educational tools is to develop practical skills by schoolchildren. Simulators as electronic learning tools in the educational process are considered especially effective in solving problems. With the help of these tools, students receive brief information from the theory of the corresponding subject, after which the children are trained at various levels with the implementation of control and self-control.
The advantages of electronic teaching aids in the form of simulators as one of the methods for mastering school curricula are that they are capable of performing three interrelated functions. Namely:
- Diagnostic This function allows you to identify the level of skills, abilities and knowledge of the student. The didactic capabilities of electronic learning tools allow you to identify and bridge the gaps in the knowledge of the student. Due to the fact that such a simulator, as a rule, represents a certain set of test questions, in its breadth, objectivity, and speed of diagnosis, it significantly exceeds all other types of pedagogical control.
- Educational. A similar function of the electronic simulator is that its use allows you to intensify the student’s work on learning a specific subject. Indeed, when developing such tools, tips and leading questions are included in their program. Students, having solved the tests, receive links either to questions or to sections of theoretical material for which incorrect answers were given. Performing its educational function, the electronic simulator provides the student with the opportunity to re-solve the task from the same group or of the same difficulty level.
- Educational. Modern electronic teaching aids in the form of simulators discipline the activities of students and contribute to their self-organization. When working with these tools, students develop a desire to develop responsibility, independence and initiative.
These include electronic learning tools and educational resources in a wide variety of subjects. That is why interactive simulators are very actively used by many teachers. They use such electronic tools for teaching languages, exact sciences, etc. Interactive simulators find their use in those lessons in which it is important for the teacher not only to systematize the material studied, but also to focus the class on the main points of the material being studied. All this will help to understand the topic and prepare children for the test work.
In addition, when developing electronic training aids in the form of simulators, their visual range is often supplemented by drawings from a textbook. This allows you to increase the visibility of the lesson. At the same time, the electronic simulator becomes an indispensable tool, which helps not only to explain to the teacher complex educational material, but also to successfully master it by schoolchildren during independent work.
Simulators as a means of organizing e-learning can be used at various stages of the lesson, for individual or frontal work with students, as an independent homework, while filling in knowledge gaps, and also for developing skills in solving problems or theoretical material of the topic studied.
Simulators as a means of organizing e-learning significantly increase the motivation of students to master the subject. At the same time, each student is given the opportunity to work at a pace that is comfortable specifically for him, which allows him to relieve psychological stress. In addition, the basis of electronic learning tools in the educational process of the school certainly lies in the game base. She brings positive emotions to the lesson.
Working with electronic teaching aids creates a situation of success for students. The teacher’s task includes the unobtrusive achievement of the goal, which is to motivate and interest the student to learn the compulsory program in the subject, as well as bring certain skills of the child to automatism.
The use of electronic teaching aids in the educational process makes it possible to purposefully train children with repeated re-solving of their tasks. And this is one of the advantages of such tools. In addition, the electronic simulator allows the teacher to spend a minimum of time to give an objective assessment of the results of each student in the class. The student at the same time understands that the completed tasks indicated the real level of his knowledge.
Software designed for simulation and mathematical modeling
With the help of such tools, the boundaries of theoretical and practical research of schoolchildren are significantly expanded. In this case, a physical experiment is supplemented by a computational one.
Some of these electronic teaching aids in the educational process offer students models of objects of research, while others offer models of measuring devices. Using such tools, the school can save money on the purchase of expensive laboratory equipment and increase the safety of students' practical work.
Currently, a large number of modeling programs have been developed and used in the educational process. They were created specifically for teaching children various subjects within the framework of the school curriculum, namely mathematics and languages, biology and chemistry, physics, fiction, etc. There are also special computer information models that do not contain specific tasks, but at the same time highly effective for the educational and educational process in school. This becomes possible due to the use of various methodological techniques in them.
The main features of electronic learning tools of this type are their developmental as well as educational nature. And these are not only the computer programs themselves, but also sets of similar programs presented in the form of separate series, packages, subsystems and collections.
It is worth noting that the information models that are used in schools are often not universal. Each of them was originally created specifically for a narrow circle of phenomena.
Models based on the use of mathematical technologies are used not only to demonstrate those phenomena that are difficult to reproduce in an educational setting. They are also intended for interactive clarification of the degree of influence of certain parameters on the created situation. This allows information models to replace laboratory facilities, as well as to develop skills in managing practical processes in children.
There is a certain classification of electronic learning tools in the form of computer models. They are grouped depending on criteria such as the subject matter and the age of the students, the level of complexity and control, the tasks to be developed to develop mental abilities, etc. In particular, the following computer models include such electronic teaching aids:
- developing;
- educational;
- for educational experimentation;
- aimed at diagnosis;
- designed to shape skills.
Automated Learning Tools
What is this electronic tool for learning school material? By automated teaching systems we mean a certain environment that performs the functions of displaying and controlling the material of a school subject, which interact with each other based on the principle of feedback. The structure of AOS, as a rule, includes the following objects:
- electronic training course (tasks, reference material and lectures);
- computer testing subsystems (software modules that evaluate the student’s knowledge based on his answers to pedagogical questions);
- knowledge base in the form of a set of user data stored in AOS;
- a scheduler, which is a subsystem that adjusts the work of AOS to obtain the highest educational effect.
Each of the automated training systems has differences not only in composition, but also in its functionality. However, when developing each of them, the general idea of individualization of training was used.
E-books
What is the use of electronic learning tools of this kind in the educational process? Currently, such textbooks are divided into two types. The first of them is an electronic copy of the usual publication for all, with only a small number of additional features, namely:
- enlargement of drawings;
- the presence of hyperlinks with which to open a topic related to the studied;
- the presence of additional material not included in the regular textbook due to weight restrictions.
The second type of this electronic tool is a training software package. It allows the student to do homework right on its pages. Moreover, such a textbook has video examples of the correct implementation of practical work, audio clips for the correct pronunciation of foreign words (when learning languages), as well as other multimedia components. . , .
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These electronic tools are classified as tools of the highest level. The creation of IOS is also based on artificial intelligence. Using this tool, a teacher can manage the educational process at all stages of solving a problem, starting with its formulation and ending with an assessment of the optimality and correctness of the solution. With the help of IOS, dialogue interaction becomes possible, which is usually carried out using a language close to natural. At the same time, not only the correctness of the actions taken is subject to discussion, but also the strategy that was used in the search for solutions, control techniques, action planning, etc.
The difference between the IOS and other electronic teaching aids is that they do not have primary and auxiliary pedagogical influences in a ready-made form. These tools only allow you to generate them.
Occupational Automation
Such electronic learning tools include CALS systems, packages containing application programs, etc. Such tools are considered as one of the elements of the ESE not only as a subject of study, but also as a training tool used in the process of professionally oriented tasks.
Advantages and disadvantages of ESO
The progress that has been observed in the field of information technology, certainly entails the emergence of the term "information society". It is understood as a society in which the main product of production is nothing more than knowledge. That is why such an increased attention to informatization is given during the educational process. And a similar approach allows us to ensure the achievement of such strategic goals:
- increasing the effectiveness of any type of educational activity, which is based on information and telecommunication technologies;
- improving the quality of training for professionals with a modern type of thinking, which is fully consistent with the visions of the information society.
How to achieve your goals? Informatization of education is impossible without the practical use of specially designed computer software and hardware tools. These include electronic learning tools.
ESOs used in teaching students are necessarily complemented by the ideological basis of informatization, as well as the work of specialists in various fields. Only in this case, the teacher will be able to achieve the goal.
The use of electronic learning systems allows us to review traditional educational technologies, methods and courses in order to teach the student where he can find information resources, how to access them, how they can be applied in further professional activities.
However, the use of ESO in school is not always justified. Informatization of education carries a number of negative aspects. They, as well as positive factors, need to be known to every teacher in order to take into account in their work with children.
ESOs allow enriching the organizational and pedagogical activities of the school with their own capabilities:
- improvement of technologies and methods of formation, selection and content of education;
- the introduction and development of new areas of training and specialized disciplines related to information technology;
- introducing changes in the teaching of most traditional disciplines by increasing the level of differentiation and individualization of instruction;
- the use of additional leverage to motivate students to learn;
- improving the management mechanisms of the entire education system.
The use of ESO contributes to the development of the student’s personality. A similar process forms in children the ability to develop the necessary strategy in finding solutions to not only educational, but also practical problems.
Among the shortcomings of using ESO, experts single out the total individualization of training. It minimizes live communication between teachers and students, as the "dialogue" is conducted mainly with the computer. Students using ESOs become silent for a long time during such work, which is typical for those people who study remotely. At the same time, speech as an organ that promotes the objectification of thinking is simply turned off. And if this happens during many years of staying at school, then a growing person is not able to get the practice of dialogical communication necessary for him. Subsequently, it will be difficult for him to formulate and shape his professional thoughts.
Another significant drawback of using EOS is considered to be a reduction in social contacts. Subsequently, it becomes difficult for such a student to switch from information to independent actions in the professional sphere.
So, we examined the means of e-learning in education, their pros and cons.