The compression effect is based on the compression effect, which creates pressure on certain parts of the limbs. This therapy dates back to the Middle Ages, where stockings with lacing were used to squeeze the legs, which regulated the force of tightening. Currently, for compression use the appropriate underwear or special elastic bandages made on the basis of latex.
What are compression bandages for?
Compression dressing is an elastic bandage used to create compensating pressure on the limbs in order to prevent or eliminate destructive changes in the veins. This technique is used to treat:
- edema of post-traumatic etiology;
- cellulite;
- varicose veins.
During some operations, bandages based on such bandages are used to prevent accidental air from entering the veins. Compression also reduces the likelihood of a blood clot after surgery.
Compression bandages can be used not only by patients, but also by ordinary people for preventive purposes. This method is recommended for some athletes, as well as those who are on their feet for a long time. In this case, even in a healthy person there is an excess tension in the lower extremities, which can lead to the appearance of edema and difficulty in the outflow of blood and lymph. By compensating for pressure, compression eliminates this problem, helping to relieve stress on the veins and facilitate the functioning of muscle tissue.
Composition and main features
The compression bandage includes three types of materials:
- polyester;
- cotton;
- elastic (most often latex).
The ability of the dressing tape to stretch and compress depends on the ratio of these components.
Operating principle
Each type of compression bandage material performs its functions. So, latex threads provide extensibility, due to which the pressure on the limb during dressing is distributed unevenly. This makes it possible to improve blood circulation and prevent the formation of varicose edema. With the correct application technique, the compression bandage creates maximum pressure in the lower part of the limb and minimal pressure in the upper.
Cotton surrounds the elastic component, acting as a skin that prevents skin from contacting synthetics. A layer of natural fabric prevents rubbing and absorbs sweat well. In addition, cotton makes the bandage soft.
Polyester fiber gives the compression tape strength and wear resistance. Thanks to this component, the bandage is resistant to mechanical stress and is able to withstand repeated washing without losing the therapeutic effect. The polyester component allows the use of a dressing tape for fixing purposes.
Due to its elasticity, the compression bandage does not interfere with joint mobility and does not squeeze blood vessels. In addition, such a bandage is almost invisible under clothes. Another advantage of the compression tape is its wear resistance and the possibility of multiple washing.
Dimensions
The maximum length of an elastic compression bandage is 5 meters, and the minimum is one and a half. Width varies from 8 to 10 cm. This parameter affects the compression force of the limb. The wider the bandage, the stronger the bandage pressure. However, the effect of blocking blood flow is reduced. The width of the dressing tape is selected depending on the size of the limbs. The maximum length of an elastic compression bandage (5 m) is much less common than the standard, which is 2.5-3 meters.
It is worth noting that, due to the special structure, the bandage does not change width when stretched.
Varieties
According to their ability to longitudinal deformation, three types of compression bandages are distinguished:
- short elongation - they can increase their length by 40-70% of the initial;
- medium elongation - lengthen in the range from 100 to 140%;
- long stretchability - the ability to deform exceeds 140%.
The degree of elongation of the bandage depends on the percentage of elastic and inelastic components in the composition. Using dressings of different extensibility, it is possible to adjust the stiffness of compression of the limb. In accordance with the type of bandage used, compression is divided into:
- high (short-stretch material) - is used for severe thrombosis and pathological changes in the skin of a dystrophic nature, as well as for fixing joints after injuries and operations;
- medium (medium tensile bandage) - used for venous insufficiency and after sclerotherapy;
- small (the most extensible material) - is used for prophylactic purposes, for bandage with dislocations and sprains, as well as with severe venous insufficiency.
Small compression is characterized by the most uniform distribution of pressure over the limb. This dressing improves blood circulation, while not restricting movement. This is the mildest version of the compression dressing.
However, despite the advantages of a long stretch bandage, the pressure created by it does not have the proper therapeutic effect with increased loads on the limbs. Therefore, in such cases, high and medium compression are more often used.