FGDS is an endoscopic intervention with a device - a gastroscope. Modern devices are made with the latest technology. They are thinner, more flexible. Thanks to this, patients tolerate an unpleasant procedure easier. It has become much more convenient for doctors to make the correct diagnosis, as well as to perform medical manipulations.
How is it carried out?
The patient lies on his left side, with the help of swallowing movements, a gastroduodenoscope is inserted into the esophagus through the mouth. Then it is pushed through swallowing movements, a flexible gastroscope probe is inserted into the esophagus, and then it is pushed into the stomach and duodenum.
Thanks to this study, a visual assessment of the condition of the mucous membranes of organs is possible. During the procedure, ulcers, erosion, inflammation of the mucosa, as well as polyps and tumors, are detected. A fence is allowed for histological examination of biological material.
This procedure can be done both in stationary conditions and on an outpatient basis.
Advantages of the procedure
There are a number of advantages that FGDS gives:
- there is an opportunity to determine the cause of painful symptoms;
- consider specific sections of the digestive tract, as well as the processes occurring in them;
- bleeding (ulcer) is stopped by applying special sutures or plugging;
- tissue sampling for histological examination;
- sighting, on the site of mucosal damage, special drugs are introduced;
- sometimes it requires the removal of foreign bodies, as well as polyps and calculi from the pancreatic duct of the duodenum.
All this can be done thanks to the FGDS:
- eliminate narrowing, various obstacles at the entrance to the duodenum of the bile duct;
- get rid of narrowing of the esophagus ;
- take PH-metry (acidity of the stomach).
Performing this procedure with available indications is allowed for any age.
Important in FGDS preparation for the examination. This aspect is very relevant, because if it is carried out incorrectly, the doctor simply will not be able to perform the necessary manipulations. The patient must clearly follow all the necessary recommendations. As a rule, before the study, a conversation is held about the importance of preparation for the procedure in the FGDS.
Indications for which FGDS is necessary
Such a procedure is prescribed in the following cases:
- abdominal pains that do not disappear on their own;
- phenomena of dyspepsia;
- difficulty swallowing due to problems in the esophagus;
- anemia of unknown etiology, especially in cases where various studies have been conducted, but the cause has not been identified;
- sharp weight loss in a short time;
- examination of the gastrointestinal mucosa in the dynamics of treatment;
- the exception of oncological pathologies.
Contraindications
There are certain situations in which the study is not recommended:
- If the patient does not agree to the manipulation (an agreement is signed before the FGDS - without this signature the doctor cannot conduct the study).
- With gastric fibrosis, preparation for the procedure is required. If a person did not manage to fulfill all the recommendations before the manipulation, then the FGDS is canceled.
- Patients who have just suffered a myocardial infarction, are in a hypertensive crisis - not recommended FGDS.
- If a person has abnormalities in blood coagulation processes.
- With burns, scars, deformation of the esophagus.
- Aortic aneurysm.
- Allergic reactions to anesthetics, severe bronchial asthma.
- If the patient has an acute mental disorder.
- Severe condition of the patient, which does not allow preparation for gastric FGD.
Features of preparation
As with any serious study, this procedure must be treated responsibly. If you do not observe all the necessary conditions before the manipulation, then the doctor simply will not be able to do his job, which means to help the patient. Here are some important recommendations to prepare for gastric hypertrophy of the stomach, which the patient should take into account in his own interests:
- The procedure is performed on an empty stomach. You can eat eight hours before the manipulation. With problems with digestion - all 12-13 hours.
- If the patient is scheduled for examination in the morning, he needs to have dinner three or four hours before bedtime in the evening. In other words, if a person is scheduled to arrive at 8 o’clock in the morning, dinner should take place no later than 8 o’clock in the evening. If this rule is violated, at the time of the study, not digested food will remain in the stomach, and during the procedure the patient will experience an attack of vomiting. In addition, the food remaining in the stomach will interfere with visual inspection and make diagnosis difficult. It is possible that you will have to repeat the manipulation again.
- If an evening reception is scheduled, a light breakfast is allowed at 08:30 in the morning.
- Use caution during FGDS preparation for taking antibiotics. Be sure to consult with a gastroenterologist in advance.
- Dentures may interfere with the doctor during the procedure. Therefore, for FGDS preparation of the patient also includes the removal of dentures.
- Before the procedure, you should also stop smoking, as it can cause inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa, nausea, and vomiting.
- At the reception should come dressed in loose clothing, which if necessary can be easily unfastened.
- The psychological attitude is important. It is necessary to calm down, to discard all unrest. For the procedure, it is necessary that the patient hear the doctor and clearly follow all his recommendations.
- At the stage of preparation for FGDS, it is necessary to inform the doctor about all concomitant diseases. This question concerns any health problems, including chronic ones, as well as possible allergic reactions. This will facilitate and secure the study, as well as help to determine the right anesthetics.
- With you at the reception, you must definitely bring a direction to the FGDS. If the tests were conducted earlier, then show the doctor their results. Carry a towel.
- Preparing for FGDS is to inform the gastroenterologist about all the funds taken.
- Preparation for gastroscopy also involves adhering to a special diet a few days before the study. This helps to normalize the digestive tract, relieve painful symptoms, reduce inflammation in uncomplicated gastritis and gastroduodenitis. Thus, a more real picture of the ongoing processes in the gastrointestinal tract appears.
Can not be eaten
The following products are excluded from the diet three days before the study:
- Heavy products for digestion: raw apples, pears, cherries, plums.
- Sour foods: peaches, tomatoes, apricots, apples, plums.
- Before manipulation, you can’t categorically eat fatty, salty, smoked and spicy foods: smoked sausage, lard, skewers, oily fish, onions, garlic, spices and so on.
- Pickled dishes.
- Very liquid food: borsch, semolina, soup.
- Sparkling water, as well as juices and alcohol.
- Cold food: jellied meat, jelly, ice cream.
- Coffee, chocolate.
- Nuts, seeds (pumpkin, sunflower).
- Legumes (beans, lentils, peas).
- Sweet buns, bread (especially gray).
- Milk products.
People suffering from peptic ulcer or gastritis should follow a diet, do not eat junk food during the whole exacerbation, as well as in the period between studies without fail. This makes it possible to adequately assess the processes occurring in the gastrointestinal tract, as well as observe the dynamics of treatment.
What is included in the diet
Before FGDS preparation is the following diet:
- Buckwheat porridge, oat, pearl barley and wheat are also allowed. Allowed to use with milk and sugar. The main thing is that the porridge is well cooked.
- You can eat baked vegetables, fruits (apples, zucchini, cabbage).
- White bread crackers.
- Low-fat boiled or baked fish.
- Boiled chicken (fillet, preferably white).
- Cottage cheese (low fat).
- Omelet or boiled egg.
- Mineral water, herbal tea, compote, just tap water. It is advisable to use them without honey and sugar.
If a person has epigastric pain on any of the listed products, then they also need to be abandoned. Eating better often, but a little bit. Optimal - 6 meals a day.
If there is an increased formation of gases, it is necessary to inform the gastroenterologist about this. In such cases, enzymatic drugs are used during the entire preparation for EGD.
What absolutely can not be done on the eve of manipulation
What is not recommended to be done:
- Take medicines (tablets, capsules, syrups).
- Drink alcohol.
- Brush your teeth. This can contribute to the production of mucus in the digestive tract.
- In preparation for gastric and duodenal endoscopic hypertrophy, it is forbidden to smoke and chew gum three hours before the study.
- Use perfumes.
Allowed before the procedure:
- Inject drugs.
- Perform physiotherapy.
- To drink water, tea.
- Studies not involving invasive surgery (ultrasound).
In the morning three to four hours before the manipulation, it is allowed to drink a glass of mineral water without gases, tea with milk. But the volume of the drunk liquid should not exceed 150 milliliters.
Consequences of FGDS
After the manipulation, an unpleasant sensation in the throat may remain, it will pass in two to three days. Therefore, it is recommended not to eat half an hour after the manipulation. The food after the procedure is consumed in a soft, non-traumatic stomach. Usually these are cereals, yogurts, mashed potatoes, light soups, plain water.
The study is very informative, and sometimes simply irreplaceable for medicinal purposes. Therefore, in order to obtain a positive result, it is worth a little patience. If the patient followed a diet, approached the examination responsibly, then the procedure will go smoothly, with a minimum of unpleasant consequences and memories.