In recent years, the official list of narcotic substances has expanded significantly. At the early stage of its formation, people understood that it was mainly morphine, poppy alkaloids, or their synthetic analogues. Currently, the list is noteworthy in that it has important legal significance, since all drugs included in it are prohibited at the legislative level. Nevertheless, in many countries the problem of drug addiction is very acute.
List and size of narcotic drugs: article 288 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation
The word "addiction" is understood to mean the habit of taking certain drugs. In fact, this phenomenon is much more dangerous. The consequences are even more threatening. According to the international definition, addiction is a persistent dependence on certain substances, the absence of which causes an irresistible desire to get them. This phenomenon is also called drug addiction.
Drugs cause tremendous damage to the mental and physical health of a person. There are less dangerous types of substances, the use of which is also addictive, but the substances themselves are not on the list of prohibited substances. They relate to toxic agents.
Drug history
Given the danger of narcotic substances, a reasonable question arises as to how they appeared, and to whom it was beneficial. The first mention of substances that stupefy consciousness is found in ancient treatises. For example, in ancient Egypt, the juice of poppy plants was collected and opium was made from it. The tribes of South Africa loved to chew coca shrub leaves at their leisure. According to the explanation of historians, they used these herbs to increase the body's stamina to various adverse environmental conditions and to dull the hunger.
Some plants were popular in ancient China. So, hemp made a kind of healing drink. Shamans and priests of other nations used decoctions of herbs to enter a trance state and during specific rites and rituals.
In Europe, these infusions and recipes came only in the Middle Ages as medicines, including opium. And closer to the last century, European scientists began to receive synthetic substances based on these plants.
Synthetic amphetamine was first obtained in 1887. The resulting substance was used in the military industry to increase military endurance. They were later treated for depression, Parkinson's disease and obesity. Mescaline based on a plant extract was first obtained in 1897. Already in 1919, they learned to produce a fully synthetic version.
Already at the beginning of the nineteenth century, opium and hash became widely popular in several European countries. From drugs they turned into smoking mixes for bohemia. At the same time, they learned to get morphine from opium. It has been used as a sedative and in the treatment of mild nervous disorders. Under such conditions, the large and especially large size of narcotic drugs easily passed from hand to hand. But the damage they inflict on the human body and psyche became clear only in the middle of the last century. In Russia, the massive use of drugs began only in the 1980s, when drugs entered the country from Afghanistan. Currently, the fight against trafficking and the consequences of the spread of narcotic substances is a priority for many countries.
Division into groups
Today, narcotic drugs are divided into 4 groups, each of which includes varieties of prohibited drugs. Such a classification is based on the main main document in this field - the Decree on the size of narcotic drugs. Sales, trafficking and other types of activities involving prohibited substances are under the strict control of law enforcement agencies.
The first group includes psychotropic and narcotic substances. They should not be tested in humans and should not be used under any circumstances. Information about them is not included with pharmaceutical or other reference sources and study guides.
The second list consists of drug substances of medicinal properties. The third list includes funds for which control may be excluded in certain cases. They are psychotropic in nature. The funds from the fourth list are called precursors. They are also under control.
In addition, the size of narcotic substances is classified according to several other parameters. For example, by pharmacological properties, by origin and by human impact.
General classification
The general classification is as follows:
- LDNV - volatile narcotic substances.
- Sleeping pills and sedatives.
- Poppy-based opiates.
- Based on hemp.
- Hallucinogens.
- Psychostimulants.
Classification by Human Impact
According to the effect on humans, drugs are released that have a heavy and relatively weak destructive effect.
Severe dependence is formed almost from the first application. Drug addicts of this nature are difficult to treat. These drugs include opiates and other cocaine-containing drugs.
Due to the use of a number of synthetic drugs, in particular cannabis, a less severe dependence occurs. The period of formation of addiction is also longer.
Classification by origin
Depending on the origin, drugs are divided into two types: herbal and synthetic.
Substances of plant origin are divided into 4 types:
- Mescaline. It is obtained from the juice of a special variety of cactus, which grows only in the countries of South America. It is relatively rare in the CIS countries.
- Opiates. For their manufacture, the stems and juice of poppy plants are used.
- Psilocybin consists of a concentration of poisonous mushrooms.
- Marijuana or hashish is the result of cannabis processing.
Synthetic substances are distinguished by the fact that chemical preparations are added to their composition. Typically, additives such as amphetamine, LSD or barbiturates play the role of additives.
Illegal traffic
The term "illicit trafficking" refers to the interaction with a particular type of drug. This may be the extraction, manufacture, transportation, sale or purchase of prohibited substances. Punishment is applied depending on the size of the narcotic drugs.
In general, from the point of view of legislation, there are two types of offenses in the field of drug trafficking:
- Production, mining, transportation or distribution.
- Crimes committed under the influence of narcotic drugs or the motive of which is the extraction of funds for the purchase of drugs.
Large-scale storage of narcotic drugs is under special control. This type of activity pursues the goal of not only the sale of prohibited substances, but also the involvement of new people in this process with the aim of forming their dependence.
Legal turnover
Legal trafficking refers to cases when a person interacts with prohibited substances for personal use for medical reasons (psychotropic substances based on a prescription) or officials do this on duty.
But in this case, there are many legal restrictions and requirements regarding their storage and transportation. Their violation entails an administrative or even criminal punishment.
Dimensions
The size of the narcotic substances determines the severity of the punishment. The classification of sizes is established by Government Decision No. 1002. According to this document, significant, large and especially large sizes are allocated. Punishment is determined in accordance with the provisions of Article 288 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
The exact amount of narcotic substances seized from a citizen is determined by examination. The unit of measure is grams. Depending on the results of the examination, a measure of intersection and a further punishment is assigned.
Of particular note are the distribution goals. The storage of narcotic drugs in small quantities for personal use provides a different approach than distribution. Distribution in all cases entails a prison term, irrespective of whether the action involved profit or was donated.
Completely Prohibited Means
The list of prohibited funds is annually updated and approved at the legislative level. Next, we consider their types and classification according to the size of drugs. The following funds are listed as completely prohibited:
- Heroin. A significant size of heroin is considered to be a volume of 0.50 g. If the detected volume exceeds 2.5 g, then it is considered a large size. Particularly large volumes require savings of 1 kg or more.
- Hemp, anasha and hemp resin are considered significant in volume up to 2 g. Large size - from 25 g, especially large sizes can exceed 10 kg.
- Ecstasy pills, crystals, MDMA and MDA in the amount of up to 0.60 g are considered to be a significant size, more than 3 g is a large size, and from 600 g are classified as especially large sizes.
- Crocodile, or desomorphine from 10 g is considered to be a particularly large size, large size - 0.25 g, and a significant amount is 0.05 g.
- The large size of drugs like methadone suggests 2.50 g, especially large - from 1 kg, and 0.50 g - to classify the volume as significant.
- If methamphetamine is found in a volume of 500 g or more, it is a particularly large size, a large size is 2.50, and a significant one is 0.30 g.
- The same standards apply to mescaline as with methamphetamine.
- A significant amount of opiate substances involves 1 g, large - 25 g, especially large - from 5 kg.
- Methyl ether is the most dangerous substance for which the coefficients are 0.05, 0.25 and 500 g, respectively.
- Strict requirements are made for LSD. The large size of drugs of this group starts from 0.005 g, the volume from 0.0001 g is considered significant. The volume from 0.1 g is considered to be a particularly large size.
- Spice components are considered significant in the amount of from 0.01 g, a particularly large volume suggests from 500 g.
- A significant amount of ephedron is 0.20 g, large - 2.50 g, and especially large - from 500 g.
Substances with the exception of
The substances in the following list are also closely monitored, but in certain cases there may be exceptions. For example, for medical use. If you compare this list of drugs, the size is not much different from the previous one:
- Ketamine up to 0.20 g is considered a significant volume, from 5 g is classified as a large size. To attribute to especially large sizes, from 1 kg is enough.
- Morphine is often found among medications. It is a potent painkiller, which is prescribed mainly for patients at the terminal stage. 0.10 g of morphine is considered a significant volume, 0.50 g is a large size, and 100 g is an especially large size.
- Oxycodone. The average size of drugs in this group is 2.50 g, especially large - 500 g.
- Promedol is also widely used in anesthesiology. It is used after surgery and in case of shock from burns. In free circulation, 0.03 g is considered a significant size, 0.15 g is considered a large size and 30 g is an especially large size.
- Codeine is allowed in volumes up to 1 g. All that is above is a significant size. 5 g and 1 kg are classified as large and especially large sizes, respectively.
- Cocaine weighing over 1.5 kg is a particularly large size.
In addition, drugs such as diazepam, galazepam, barbital and levamphetamine are allowed to be used with some restrictions.
Prohibited Plants
The list of sizes of drugs applies to plants. Their names:
- Varieties of poppy related to the drug group.
- Shrubs Group Cat.
- Shrubs of the Koki group.
- Some types of mushrooms.
- Hemp.
A particularly large size for these plants is considered to be a volume of 2 to 10 kg. Significant indicators start at 6 g and end at 100 g. The ban applies to their cultivation. This is due to the destructive effect of their derivatives on the human body. These plants are also classified as criminally liable drugs.
The legal basis for the ban is the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation on the size of narcotic drugs under number 1002. Plants with a psychotropic effect are described in another document - Decree No. 034. The cultivation, storage, marketing, theft and distribution of these plants also fall under article 228 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
Classification Nuances
For banned plants, Decree No. 231 is also relevant. A separate list has been drawn up for it under the number 934. Plants in this document are indicated not in grams, but in crop units. Their growth phase is not taken into account. Responsibility comes regardless of whether shrubs, seeds or mature plants are sold. The amount of narcotic drugs under the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation does not differ from the provisions of the aforementioned Resolution.
Under the ban are also all means that have a similar effect on humans. These can be cross-breeding counterparts or processed foods. These include:
- Mixes.
- Liquid substances.
- Salt.
- Oils.
- Esters.
- Other substances.
If you consider this list of drugs, the size is also of fundamental importance. A common option is the dissolution of drugs in liquid substances. In this case, to determine the size of the liquid undergoes special technological processing with drying. Then you can easily determine the mass.
Legal aspect
Any activity associated with close contact with narcotic substances entails strict liability under the law. The reason for tight control is that the use of drugs poses a potential threat to society.
During the formation of any kind of addiction among drug addicts, a decrease in adequate behavior, an increase in aggression and, in general, irrevocable destruction of mental activity are observed. At the next stage, when the active substances begin to be actively excreted from the body, these symptoms increase manifold.
Drugs are expensive. A person who is addicted to one substance or another becomes an absolute hostage to the next dose. Usually at this stage, almost all drug addicts become criminals.
Penalties
The determination of the size of narcotic drugs is of fundamental importance for the selection of penalties. The larger the size, the heavier the punishment. Under article 228 of the Criminal Code, sanctions can be in the following variations:
- Buying, transporting, manufacturing and processing without the purpose of distribution involves a fine of 4,000-5,000 rubles or an arrest of 15 days. A significant amount of narcotic drugs in the framework of these actions entails up to 3 years in prison. For especially large sizes, the offender must serve from 3 to 10 years.
- Significant production, distribution or transfer of drugs to others will result in imprisonment of 4 to 8 years. If the same actions are performed in conspiracy with other persons, and the amount of prohibited substances is classified as large, then the person spends behind bars from 5 to 12 years. From 8 to 20 years will have to serve the sentence to the persons who committed these actions by organizing a criminal group or using official position.
- The cultivation of narcotic plants in small amounts is punishable by a fine of 1.5 to 4 thousand rubles or by arrest for 15 days. The large and especially large size of narcotic drugs obtained through cultivation leads to imprisonment from 2 to 8 years.
- Violation of the rules for the circulation of prohibited funds applies mainly to persons involved in this process on duty. In this case, the employee must pay a fine of up to 120,000 rubles or perform community service from 180 hours. If there were mercenary motives or reckless behavior, then imprisonment of up to 3 years can not be avoided.
- There is also another type of action - theft or extortion of narcotic substances. If in the framework of such actions a significant amount of narcotic drugs is discovered, then the offender is deprived of his liberty from 3 to 7 years. If other persons participated in the process by conspiracy, there was the use of violence or a threat to life, then the punishment is determined by imprisonment from 4 to 10 years. For particularly large sizes, you can get up to 15 years in prison. An aggravating circumstance is the use of official position and threat.
- The inclination of other persons to use significant or large amounts of narcotic drugs entails imprisonment from 0.5 to 8 years. 6 12 .
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